Oracle Fachvokabular

A bit-for-bit duplicate of data files or archived redo log files in a database. You can create image copies using operating-system commands or Recovery Manager (RMAN).

A backup performed when the database is open and the system change number (SCN) in the data files and the control file do not necessarily match. This is also referred to as an online backup.

A date that refers to the number of days since January 1, 4712 BC.

A distinct value in an index or a unique combination of columns in a table to identify the primary key.

A state of a table in a join view. A table in the join view is key-preserved if the primary and unique keys of the table are unique to the view’s result set.

An optional area in the system global area (SGA) used for specific database operations such as backup or recovery. See also system global area (SGA); user global area (UGA).

The mechanism that the Oracle kernel uses to manage the shared pool and database buffer caches, whereby the SQL or buffers that have been least recently accessed are those that are overwritten to make room for new SQL or buffers when these requests are made by user server processes.

A join between two tables that returns rows based on the matching condition,
as well as unmatched rows from the table to the left of the JOIN clause.

A server-side process that is responsible for listening and establishing connections to an Oracle server in response to a client connection request.

The configuration file for the Oracle listener located on the Oracle server.

Values that represent a fixed value (constant). There are four types of literals: integer, character, number, and interval.

The ability of the Oracle listener to balance the number of connections between a group of dispatcher processes in an Oracle Shared Server environment.

A name-resolution method that relies on resolving an Oracle Net service name via the tnsnames.ora file.

An identifier unique to the database that is incremented and recorded when an online redo log file is switched.

The background process that writes redo log entries from the redo log buffer to the online redo logs. See also redo log buffer.

The recording of the Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements, creation of new objects, and other changes in the redo logs. The process also records significant events, such as starting and stopping the listener, along with certain kinds of network errors. See also Data Manipulation Language (DML).

Operators that are used to combine the results of two comparison conditions to produce a single result or to reverse the result of a single comparison. NOT, AND and OR are the logical operators.

An alert generated when a query issues an “ORA-01555: snapshot too old error” message. This error usually occurs either when there is not enough space in the undo tablespace to hold the previous values of changed data or when the undo retention period for the database is set too low.

The command-line utility to manage the Oracle listener

Entities that can be monitored and managed within the Oracle Management Framework. These entities include databases, application servers, web servers, applications, and Oracle agents such as the Oracle Net listener and Connection Manager.
See also Oracle Connection Manager.

The average amount of time it takes to recover the database and make it available after an instance failure occurs.

A failure in which one or more database files is damaged. Media failure applies to control files, redo log files, temp files, and data files.

Data that describes data. Metadata includes table definitions, stored PL/SQL program code, and privileges but not the information found in tables.

measurement that is collected and stored in the Automatic Workload Recovery (AWR) repository. See also Automatic Workload Recovery (AWR).

Software and hardware that sits between a client and the Oracle server. Middleware can provide a variety of functions, such as load balancing, security, and applicationspecific business-logic processing.

subquery that selects multiple columns in the subquery. Such subqueries are generally used in UPDATE statements or in the WHERE clause.

A subquery that returns no rows or more than one row.

Measures such as number of rows, average row length, number of leaf blocks, and degree of selectivity that are stored as metadata whenever statistics are automatically or manually collected for database tables and indexes.

A networking solution from Oracle with connection multiplexing, access control and multiprotocol support. It enables a large number of users to connect to a database with a minimal number of network connections.

A component of the new automated disk-based recovery mechanisms in Oracle 10g. Flash recovery is designed to simplify your life in terms of Oracle backups by providing a centralized location to maintain and manage all the files related to database backups.

A process that identifies and collects data about entities of interest within the Oracle Management Framework.

An integrated set of tools that lets you perform traditional tasks more easily and efficiently as well as provides an effective mechanism for monitoring components within the enterprise.

Networking software that establishes a connection between Oracle Database and a client session.

The combination of an Oracle instance and database.