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active in case of allergies
leukocytes (white)
fight parasites
leukocytes (white)
determine the rhesus factor
erythrocytes (red)
determine the blood group
erythrocytes (red)
carry out phagocytosis
leukocytes (white)
accomplish blood clotting
thrombocytes (Plättchen)
build antibodies
leukocytes (white)
contain hemoglobin
erythrocytes (red)
eat pathogens
leukocytes (white)
burst on contact with injured cells
thrombocytes (Plättchen)
protect against blood loss
thrombocytes (plättchen)
are active during infections
leukocytes (white)
carry antigens
erythrocytes (rot)
transport CO2
erythrocytes
transport O2
erythrocytes (red)
destroy tumor cells
leukocytes
explain the term antigen
on the surface of the erythrocytes, determines the blood group, certain protein, there is antigen A, B, AB, O
explain the term antibody
in the serum, clots with the corresponding antigen
agglutination
clotting of blood (cells)
thrombus
a blood clot
embolism
thrombus that has come loose, causes a vascular occlusion through washed-in material
which blood groups has two possible genotypes (Ausprägungen) ?
A (AA -> homozygot, A0 -> heterozygot) or B (BB, B0)
Distribution of blood groups
most frequent in the world: 0, rarest: AB / Austria most frequent: A, followed by 0 / highest rates of 0: Peru, Argentina, Ireland / highest B: Asia, India, Hongkong
Give 1 example for the correlation between susceptibility to diseases and blood group
A, B, AB are more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases and several types of cancer. 0 is more susceptible to the pleague, to cholera and to gastric ulcers, but less to malaria than others.
what do leukocytes fight?
pathogens and harmful substances (bacteria, viruses, worms, fungi, tumor cells and toxins)
Where are leukocytes built?
red bone marrow
Where do leukocytes mature?
Various places (bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, probably appendix)
Where are the leukocytes (mainly) found when mature?
Connective tissue between the cells, but also in the lympathic organs
Which leukocytes produce antibodies?
lymphocytes
What is phagocytosis?
It is the intake and digestion of food particles by a single cell
Which leukocytes are scavenger cells?
Macrophages: (monocytes) can also take in relatively large particles (e.g., bacteria, cell fragments of injured or infected tissue, inhaled indigestible foreign matter like fine dust or asbestos fibers). Microphages: (neutrophil granulocytes) can eat only
Which leukocytes fight parasites and allergic diseases?
granulocytes
what is meant by bleeding time
is the time until provisionary hemostasis through the formation of a clot of agglutinating platelets. It takes about 2-3 minutes (with small wounds).
what is meant by clotting time
is the time until definite hemostasis through the formation of a solid clot. It takes up to 8 minutes (with small wounds).
