TTX – 1/2
General Tower Theory Chapter 1 + 2
General Tower Theory Chapter 1 + 2
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Lernkarten
What are the basic documents and references for TTX?
- ICAO Doc 4444
- ICAO Annex 11
- ATMM Switzerland: Sections 1 (Definitions), 4 (Infrastructure), 7 (Coordination), 9 (Aerodrome Control)
What's the main goal of ATC and by what means shall it be achieved? What is it depending on?
Prevent collisions between aircraft!
- Separation of aircraft
- Traffic Information
Depending on:
- flight rules (chosen by aircraft)
- class/type of airspace
What are the 5 goals of ATS? What is not included?
1. Prevent collisions between aircraft.
2. Prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvring area and obstruction on that area.
3. Expedite and maintain an orderly flow of traffic.
4. Provide advice and information useful for the safe und efficient conduct of flight.
5. Notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of Search and Rescue aid and assist such organisations as required.
Exclusion: Prevent collisions with terrain (pilots responsibility), except for IFR flights under radar vectors
What is ATS divided into?
- ATC = Air Traffic Control Service (1-3)
- FIS = Flight Information Service (4)
- ALRS = Alerting Service (5)
Explain the function/responsibility of ACC, APP and TWR?
ACC (Area Control Service)
Provision of ATC for controlled flights, except for those parts of such flights in APP or TWR, in order to acomplish objectives 1 and 3.
APP (Approach Control Service)
Provision of ATC for those parts of controlled flights associated with arrival or departure, in order to accomplish objectives 1 and 3.
TWR (Aerodrome Control Service)
Provistion of ATC for aerodrome traffic, except for those parts of flights described in APP, in order to accomplish objectives 1, 2 and 3.
In order to provide ATC, an ATC unit shall...?
- be provided with information on the intended movement of each aircraft, or variations there from, and with current information on the actual progress of each aircraft
- determine from the information received, the relative positions of known aircraft to each other
- issue clearances and information for the purpose of preventing collisions between aircraft under its control and of expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of traffic
- coordinate clearances as necessary with other units:
a) whenever aircraft might otherwise conflict with traffic operated under the control of such units
b) before transferring control of an aircraft to such other units
Explain the Aerodrome Control airspace?
- should be identified by the name of the unit having jurisdiction over it
- lateral limits shall extend at least 5 NM (9,3 km) from centre of aerodrome (in direction of approaches may be made)
- lateral limits shall include at least those portions of airspace (NOT within CTAs) containing paths of IFR flights arriving or departing from aerodrome under IMC
- if within lateral limits of CTA: extend upwards from surface to at least lower limit of CTA
What's the difference between APP and TWR regarding the airspace?
APP: own the airspace
TWR: does not own the airspace (airspace operator)
When is control of arriving aircraft been transferred between APP and TWR?
- the aircraft is in the vicinity of the aerodrome AND
a) it is considered that approach and landing will be completed in visual reference to the ground, or
b) it has reached uninterrupted VMC
OR
- the aircraft is at a prescribed point or level
OR
- the aircraft has landed
When is control of departing aircraft been transferred between TWR and APP?
VMC:
- prior the aircraft leaves the vicinity of the aerodrome, or
- prior the aircraft enters IMC, or
- when aircraft is at a prescribed point or level
IMC:
- immediately after aircraft is airborne, or
- when aircraft is at a prescribed point or level
What are the different working positions of TWR and their functions?
ADC = Aerodrome Control
operations on the runway and aircraft flying within the area of responsibility of the aerodrome control tower
GND = Ground Control
traffic on the manoeuvring area, except runways
CLD = Clearance Delivery
delivery of start-up and ATC clearance to departing IFR flights
(APN = Apron Control)
What are the functions of an aerodrome controller?
He shall issue information and clearances to aircraft unter his control to achieve a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of traffic on and in the vicinity of an aerodrome with the objective of preventing collisions.
Prevent collisions between:
- aircraft flying in the aerodrome traffic circuits
- aircraft landing or taking off
- aircraft operating on the manoeuvring area
- aircraft and vehicles operating on the manouevring area
- aircraft on the manoevring area and obstructions on that area
What other functional responsibility does an Aerodrome Controller have?
Alerting Service, whenever:
- an aircraft accident has ocurred on or in the vicinity of an aerodrome
- information is received that the safety of an aircraft which is or will come under the jurisdiction of control tower may have or has been impaired
- requested by the flight crew
- when otherwise deemed necessary or desireable
Reporting Service:
When failure or irregularity of aids and equipment occur.
