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SciE Mutations

Mutations

Mutations

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M. E.
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M. E.
This flashcard set delves into the intricate world of mutations at a university level, focusing on the effects of changes in DNA sequences, genes, and chromosomes. It explores various types of mutations, such as point mutations, frame-shift mutations, and chromosomal aberrations like deletions, duplications, and inversions. The set also covers the impact of these mutations on proteins, phenotypes, and the genetic code, including concepts like synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations. Ideal for biology students, this flashcard set provides a comprehensive overview of genetic mutations and their consequences, aiding in the understanding of genetic variation and its implications.
Flashcards
28
Students
1
Language
English
Category
Biology
Level
University
Created / Updated
16.02.2014 / 17.02.2014
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Flashcards

A mutation resulting from the loss of a continuous segment of a gene or chromosome.

deletion

A mutation that substitutes one nucleotide for another but does not change the amino acid specified (i.e., UUA to UUG, both specifying leucine).

(10 letters, s … s)

synonymous
A rare 180° reversal of the order of genes within a segment of a chromosome.

inversion

A mutation resulting from the addition or deletion of one or two consecutive base pairs in the DNA sequence of a gene, resulting in misreading of the mRNA during translation and production of a nonfunctional protein.

(10 letters, f … t)

frame-shift

A nonsynonymous mutation, or one that changes a codon for one amino acid to a codon for a different amino acid.

(8 letters, m … e)

missense

A mutation resulting from treatment with a chemical or other agent.

induced
Mutations that show characteristic phenotype only under certain environmental conditions such as temperature.

conditional

In genetics, a rare mutational event that moves a portion of a chromosome to a new location, generally on a nonhomologous chromosome.

translocation

In genetics, a rare mutational event that moves a portion of a chromosome to a new location, generally on a nonhomologous chromosome.

(13 letters, t … n)

translocation

A mutation resulting from the addition or deletion of one or two consecutive base pairs in the DNA sequence of a gene, resulting in misreading of the mRNA during translation and production of a nonfunctional protein.

frame-shift
Loss of or changes in position/direction of a DNA segment on a chromosome.

chromosomal

Mutations that prematurely terminate a polypeptide by changing a codon for an amino acid to one of the codons (UAG, UAA or UGA) that signal termination of translation.

(8 letters, n … e)

nonsense

A change in gene sequence that, due to the redundancy of the genetic code, has no effect on the amino acid produced, and thus no effect on the protein phenotype.

silent

Mutations that prematurely terminate a polypeptide by changing a codon for an amino acid to one of the codons (UAG, UAA or UGA) that signal termination of translation.

nonsense

A nucleotide substitution that changes the amino acid specified (i.e., AGC to AGA, or serine to arginine).

(13 letters, n … s)

nonsynonymous

A nonsynonymous mutation, or one that changes a codon for one amino acid to a codon for a different amino acid.

missense

A mutation that results from a small, localized alteration in the chemical structure of a gene.

(5 letters, p … t)

point

A mutation resulting from the introduction into the genome of an extra copy of a segment of a gene or chromosome.

(11 letters, d … n)

duplication

A rare 180° reversal of the order of genes within a segment of a chromosome.

(9 letters, i … n)

inversion

Loss of or changes in position/direction of a DNA segment on a chromosome. (11 letters, c … l)

chromosomal

A mutation resulting from the introduction into the genome of an extra copy of a segment of a gene or chromosome.

duplication

A mutation that results from a small, localized alteration in the chemical structure of a gene.

point

A mutation resulting from the loss of a continuous segment of a gene or chromosome.

(8 letters, d … n)

deletion

A nucleotide substitution that changes the amino acid specified (i.e., AGC to AGA, or serine to arginine).

nonsynonymous

A change in gene sequence that, due to the redundancy of the genetic code, has no effect on the amino acid produced, and thus no effect on the protein phenotype.

(6 letters, s … t)

silent

A mutation resulting from treatment with a chemical or other agent.

(7 letters, i … d)

induced

Mutations that show characteristic phenotype only under certain environmental conditions such as temperature.

(11 letters, c … l)

conditional

A mutation that substitutes one nucleotide for another but does not change the amino acid specified (i.e., UUA to UUG, both specifying leucine).

synonymous

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