SCiE From DNA To Protein

From DNA To Protein

From DNA To Protein

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M. E.

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M. E.

About these flashcards

This flashcard set delves into the intricate process of protein synthesis at the university level, focusing on key concepts like RNA, codons, and ribosomes. It explores the roles of messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and the translation process, including the formation of polypeptides and proteins. The set is particularly useful for students studying molecular biology, as it provides detailed insights into the central dogma, transcription, and the various components involved in gene expression.

Flashcards

42

Students

1

Language

English

Category

Biology

Level

University

Created / Updated

16.02.2014 / 16.02.2014

A pyrimidine base found in nucleotides of RNA.

(6 letters, u … l)

uracil

Three nucleotides in messenger RNA that direct the placement of a particular amino acid into a polypeptide chain.

(5 letters, c … n)

codon

Three nucleotides in messenger RNA that direct the placement of a particular amino acid into a polypeptide chain.

codon

The mRNA codons that signal the end of protein translation at the ribosome: UAG, UGA, UAA.

stop codons

A complex of RNA and protein that recognizes both the signal sequence on a growing polypeptide and receptor protein on the surface of the ER.

(3 words, first letters s, r & p, respectively)

signal recognition particle

The three nucleotides in transfer RNA that pair with a complementary triplet (a codon) in messenger RNA. (9 letters, a … n)

anticodon

A complex of RNA and protein that recognizes both the signal sequence on a growing polypeptide and receptor protein on the surface of the ER.

signal recognition particle

Combination of a ribosomal light subunit, an mRNA molecule, and the tRNA charged with the first amino acid coded for by the mRNA; formed at the onset of translation.

initiation complex

The sequence of a protein that directs the protein through a particular cellular membrane.

signal sequence

The synthesis of a polypeptide or protein. This occurs on ribosomes, using the information encoded in messenger RNA.

translation

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA from a DNA template.

(2 words, first letters r & p, respectively)

RNA polymerase

An often single stranded nucleic acid whose nucleotides use ribose rather than deoxyribose and in which the base uracil replaces thymine found in DNA. Serves as genome from some viruses.

ribonucleic acid

A complex consisting of a threadlike molecule of messenger RNA and several ribosomes. The ribosomes move along the mRNA, synthesizing polypeptide chains as they proceed.

(8 letters, p … e)

polysome

The mRNA triplet (AUG) that acts as a signal for the beginning of translation at the ribosome.

(2 words, first letters s & c, respectively)

start codon

The addition of a phosphate group.

phosphorylation

The synthesis of RNA, using one strand of DNA as the template.

transcription

The end of protein synthesis triggered by a stop codon which binds release factor that causes the polypeptide to release from the ribosome.

termination

The mRNA triplet (AUG) that acts as a signal for the beginning of translation at the ribosome.

start codon

An enzymatic digestion of a protein or polypeptide.

(11 letters, p … s)

proteolysis

A transcript of one of the strands of DNA; carries information (as a sequence of codons) for the synthesis of one or more proteins.

messenger ribonucleic acid

The addition of a phosphate group.

(15 letters, p … n)

Keyboard commands:

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phosphorylation

The statement that information flows from DNA to RNA to polypeptide.

(2 words, first letters c & d, respectively)

Keyboard commands:

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central dogma

A pyrimidine base found in nucleotides of RNA.

Keyboard commands:

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uracil

The synthesis of RNA, using one strand of DNA as the template.

(13 letters, t … n)

Keyboard commands:

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= for-/backward,

= scroll

transcription

An enzymatic digestion of a protein or polypeptide.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

proteolysis

A complex consisting of a threadlike molecule of messenger RNA and several ribosomes. The ribosomes move along the mRNA, synthesizing polypeptide chains as they proceed.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

polysome

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA from a DNA template.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

RNA polymerase

An RNA virus that contains reverse transcriptase. Its RNA serves as a template for cDNA production, and the cDNA is integrated into a chromosome of the host cell.

(10 letters, r … s)

Keyboard commands:

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= for-/backward,

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retrovirus

The region of an operon that acts as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase.

Keyboard commands:

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= for-/backward,

= scroll

promoter

The sequence of a protein that directs the protein through a particular cellular membrane.

(2 words, first letters s & s, respectively)

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

signal sequence

The mRNA codons that signal the end of protein translation at the ribosome: UAG, UGA, UAA.

(2 words, first letters s & c, respectively)

stop codons

The synthesis of a polypeptide or protein. This occurs on ribosomes, using the information encoded in messenger RNA.

(11 letters, t … n)

translation

A transcript of one of the strands of DNA; carries information (as a sequence of codons) for the synthesis of one or more proteins.

(3 words, first letters m, r & a, respectively)

messenger ribonucleic acid

An RNA virus that contains reverse transcriptase. Its RNA serves as a template for cDNA production, and the cDNA is integrated into a chromosome of the host cell.

retrovirus

Combination of a ribosomal light subunit, an mRNA molecule, and the tRNA charged with the first amino acid coded for by the mRNA; formed at the onset of translation.

(2 words, first letters i & c, respectively)

initiation complex

The region of an operon that acts as the initial binding site for RNA polymerase.

(8 letters, p … r)

promoter

The statement that information flows from DNA to RNA to polypeptide.

central dogma

The three nucleotides in transfer RNA that pair with a complementary triplet (a codon) in messenger RNA.

anticodon

The end of protein synthesis triggered by a stop codon which binds release factor that causes the polypeptide to release from the ribosome.

(11 letters, t … n)

termination

A family of double stranded RNA molecules. Each kind of ... carries a specific amino acid and anticodon that will pair with the complementary codon in mRNA during translation.

transfer ribonucleic acid

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An enzymatic digestion of a protein or polypeptide.

(11 letters, p … s)

proteolysis

A transcript of one of the strands of DNA; carries information (as a sequence of codons) for the synthesis of one or more proteins.

messenger ribonucleic acid

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