Psychology
Exam 2 Study Guide
Exam 2 Study Guide
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Flashcards
a condition in which a perosn can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it
blindsight
failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
inattentional blindness
failing to notice changes in the environment
change blindness
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
selective attention
the biological clock
circadian rythm
what is the recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur
REM sleep
the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake stae
alpha waves
periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness
sleep
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
hallucinations
the large, slow brain waves associated w deep sleep
delta waves
light striking the retina signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to suppress the pineal gland's production of the sleep hormone melatonin.
the biological clock
A sleep disorder having recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
insomnia
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly in to REM sleep, often in inopportune times.
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
sleep apnea
a nerve cell; basic building block of the nervous system
neuron
a neuron's bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
dendrites
the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands
axon
a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next
myelin sheath
a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
action potential
the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impule
threshold
a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.
synapse
tiny gap at the synapse junction is call
synaptic gap
synaptic cleft
chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
neurotransmitters
a neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron
reuptake
the cell;s life support center
cell body
electrical signal traveling dow the axon
neural impulse
receive messages from other cells
dendrites
form junctions with other cells
terminal branches of axon
passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands
axon
this neurotransmitter enables muscle action, learning, and memory
acetycholine
this neurotransmitter influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
dopamine
this neurotransmitter affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
serotonin
this neurotransmitter helps control alertness and arousal
norepinephrine
this neurotransmitter is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
this neurotransmitter is a major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory
glutamate
the brain's naturally occurring opiates
endorphins
the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
nervous system
the brain and spinal cord are components of what
central nervous system
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
peripheral nervous system
bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the central nervous system w muscles, glands, and sense organs
nerves
