Psychology

Exam 2 Study Guide

Exam 2 Study Guide

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S. M.

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S. M.

About these flashcards

This flashcard set introduces primary school students to the fundamentals of the nervous system and brain function. It covers key topics like neurons, neurotransmitters, sensory processing, and brain anatomy, including the cortex, hippocampus, and different lobes. The flashcards explain how the brain controls movement, perception, and bodily functions, as well as the roles of various neurotransmitters in mood, memory, and muscle action. This set is ideal for young learners seeking to understand the basics of how the brain and nervous system work, providing a solid foundation for further study in psychology and neuroscience.

Flashcards

125

Students

1

Language

English

Category

Psychology

Level

Primary School

Created / Updated

19.10.2014 / 19.10.2014

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

sensory adaptation

retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray;

necessary for peripheral and twilight vision

rods

retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions

cones

the theory that the retina contains three diff color receptors

tri-chromatic theory

which color receptors does the trichromatic theory suggest

red

green

blue

the theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision

ex. some cells stimulated by greed and inhibited by red

opponent-process theory

the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window

middle ear

the part of the ear that contains the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs

inner ear

coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear

cochlea

outer ear

eardrum

bones in the middle ear

hammer

anvil

stirrup

hair cells in the cochlea do what

transduce signals

a sweet taste indicates

energy

a salty source indicates

essential sodium

sour taste indicates

possible toxic acid

bitter taste indicates

possible poison

umami taste indicates

protein

sense of touch is actually a mix of what skin senses

pressure

warmth

cold

pain

the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

kinesthesis

the sense of body movement and osition, including the sense of balance

vestibular sense

Neuron Anatomy

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Dendrites

Cell Body

Axons

Myelin

Synapse

Steps of Action Potential

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Charge gathers in dendrites

travels down cell body

travels down the axon

causes release of neurotransmitters in to the synapse

neurotransmitters

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serotonin

dopamine

glutamate

GABA

acetylcholine

norepinephrine

3 parts of the central nervous system

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Hindbrain

Limbic System

Cerebral Cortex

Hindbrain is composed of

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brainstem

cerebellum

brainstem composed of

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medulla

pons

limbic system composed of

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amygdala

hippocampus

hyptothalamus

cerebral cortex is composed of

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four lobes

motor, sensory, visual, and auditory cortices

What are the four lobes

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frontal

parietal

temporal

occipital

Who's Phineas Gage?

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Dynamite + iron rod = frontal lobe destruction

Where is the motor cortex located

Frontal lobe

where is the sensory cortex located

Parietal lobe

Where is the visual cortex located

occipital lobe

where is the auditory cortex located

temporal lobe

The peripheral nervous system is made up of what

sympathetic

parasympathetic

Sympathetic part of the peripheral nervous system is also known as

fight and flight

Parasympathetic part of the peripheral nervous system is also known as

rest and digest

3 pieces of selective attention

Inattentional blindness

Change blindness

Hemineglect

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

consciousness

Spontaneous states of consciousness

Daydreaming

Drowsiness

Dreaming

1 / 125

Flashcards

the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time

(noticeable difference)

difference threshold

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

sensory adaptation

retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray;

necessary for peripheral and twilight vision

rods

retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions

cones

the theory that the retina contains three diff color receptors

tri-chromatic theory

which color receptors does the trichromatic theory suggest

red

green

blue

the theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision

ex. some cells stimulated by greed and inhibited by red

opponent-process theory

the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window

middle ear

the part of the ear that contains the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs

inner ear

coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear

cochlea

outer ear

eardrum

bones in the middle ear

hammer

anvil

stirrup

hair cells in the cochlea do what

transduce signals

a sweet taste indicates

energy

a salty source indicates

essential sodium

sour taste indicates

possible toxic acid

bitter taste indicates

possible poison

umami taste indicates

protein

sense of touch is actually a mix of what skin senses

pressure

warmth

cold

pain

the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

kinesthesis

the sense of body movement and osition, including the sense of balance

vestibular sense

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