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Microbiology TEST 2

Lectures 5 - 7

Lectures 5 - 7

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This flashcard set covers university-level microbiology, focusing on various bacteria, their infections, and clinical presentations. It delves into opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia, their virulence factors, and the diseases they cause, such as pneumonia and UTIs. The set also explores obligate anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis, their reservoirs, and associated infections. Additionally, it covers Shigella and Salmonella, detailing their transmission, clinical presentations, and the toxins they produce. This flashcard set is ideal for medical students and professionals seeking to deepen their understanding of bacterial infections and their management.
Cartes-fiches
343
Utilisateurs
9
Langue
Anglais
Catégorie
Biologie
Niveau
Université
Créé / Mis à jour
28.11.2016 / 06.02.2020
  • 1  / 343

Cartes-fiches

Commonly associated diseases with Bacteroides Fragilis:

genital -,intra-abdominal - & pleuro-pulmonary infections

obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacteria can tolerate oxygen, why?

Have Catalase & superoxide dismutase

Obligate Anaerobic gram-negative bacteria cause characteristic infections:

 

  1. Tissue necrosis
  2.  Abscess formation
  3.  Polymicrobial
  4.  Infections adjacent to mucosal surfaces (RTI, gastroenteritis)

Name gram-negative non-fermentive bacteria:

 

1. pseudomonas aeruginosa 

2. burk-hold-eria cepacia 

3. steno-tropho-monas malto-philia

4. Acine-to-bacter baumannii

Pseudomonas aeruginoase is part of natural flora ONLY in which groups ?

Immunocompromised

hospitalied patients

--> otherwise exogenous 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa reservoir:

 

ubiquitous in environment = water/soil/vegetation

What sort of infection does pseudomonas aeruginosa primarily cause?

Primarily opportunistic infections = restricted to patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics that suppress normal intestinal flora

The virulence factor Elastase leads to hemorrhagic necrosis of skin caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa – what is the clinical name:

ect-hyma gangrenosum

Ect-hyma gangrenosum caused by which non-fermentative bacteria ? 

pseudomonas aeruginosa - due to elastase

Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical presentation:

→BE PSEUDO Cool MEN

B – Burn & Wound infections 

E – Endocarditis in IV drug abusers (IV= intravenous) 

P- pneumonia in cystic fibrosis & immunocompremised 

S- Sepsis caused by soft tissue, skin, UT & LRT infections 

E- External malignant otitis media in diabetic patients 

U- UTI

DO – diabetic osteo-chondritis (inflammation of bone&cartilage)

C- Corneal Infections (corneal ulcers)

MEN- Meningitis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibroses patients lead to which clinical presentation?

pneumonia

Pseudomonas aeruginos leads to External otits name its synonym?

swimmer's ear

Swimmer's ear/external otitis is caused by which bacteria?

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Factors:

  1. Elastase

  2. Phospholipase C – is a hemolysin

  3. Proteases

  4. Exotoxin A,S,T

  5. Pyo-cyanin– blue pigementation – catalyse production of H2O2&superoxide 

  6. Pyo-verdin– green pigmentation 

  7. Adhesins: pili, flagella, 

  8. CAPSULE– alginate is a mucoid exopolysaccharide forms capsule 

  9. LPS – endotoxin

Name all hospital-acquired gram-negative bacteria: 

-> not part of natural flora 

What sort of infection does Burkholderia cepacia primarily cause?

Primarily opportunistic infections = restricted to patients receiving broad-spectrum antibioticsthat suppress normal intestinal flora

Which two bacteria cause primarily opportunistic infections ?

Burkholderia cepacia 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Burkholderia cepacia reservoir

ubiquitous in environment

in CF patients (cystic fibrosis) 

Which patients are highly susceptible for infection with Burkholderia cepacia

cystic fibrose patients– pneumonia + bacteremia

patients with CGD – chronic granulomatous disease

Clinical presentation of Burkholderia cepacia:

pulmonary infections 

bacteremia 

UTI

Name the opportunistic infections that burkholderia cepacia can cause

Steno-tropho-monas malto-philia clinical presentation

→ leads to nosocomial infections = opportunitsic infections in hospitalized patients – hospital-acquired infections 

USUALLY= Bacteremia & Pneumonia

Acine-to-bacter baumannii similar clincial presentation as pseudomonas aeruginosa:

→ opportunistic pathogens – hospital-acquired infections 

  1. Pneumonia 
  2. bacteremia
  3.  UTI
  4.  Burn-wound infections
  5. Eye infections

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