Microbiology TEST 2
Lectures 5 - 7
Lectures 5 - 7
-
- 1 / 343
-
Flashcards
Which Zoonotic Bacteria is a travel-associated disease and what is the clinical presentation?
Brucella causing brucellosis - undulant fever
Entering site for infection by Brucella:
Conjunctiva
Lungs – mucous membranes
Skin
GI tract
Brucella after being phagocytosed to which location it is carried?
- Kidney
- Liver
- Spleen
- Bone Marrow
→ causing Systemic spread – Septicemia
ACUTE Brucellosis clinical presentation (caused by Brucella meli-tensis):
→ up to 8 weeks (usually 1-3)
flu-like symptoms / non-specific symptoms
PROLONGED Brucellosis clinical presentation:
→ months
characteristic = undulant fever (bang disease)
Arthritis
GI symptoms
less common neurologic & cardiovascular mainfestation
Chronic Brucellosis clinical presentation:
→ more than a year (3-6 months)
Chronic fatigue – chronisches erschöpfungssyndrome
Arthritis
Localized infection
Klebsiella pneumonia Virulence Factor
capsule – responsible for bloody sputum
Klebsiella pneumonia clinical presentation
MOST IMPORTANT = community- or hospital-acquired primary lobar pneumonia
*UTIs
*Soft tissue & Wound infection
Klebsiella pneumonia characteristic for primary pneumonia?
bloody sputum
Proteus mirabilis virulence factor:
urease
LPS (gram-negative)
very motile
Proteus mirabilis reservoir:
natural flora of human
Proteus mira-bilis Risk Group:
immunocompromised
hospitalized = hospital-acquired infection (nosocomial infection)
Proteus mirabilis clinical presentation
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION
- kidney stones
- UTI (cystitis/ pyelonephritis) → SEPSIS
Proteus mira-bilis causes endogenous or exogenous infection?
Endogenous = opportunisitic infection
Function of Endotoxin in LPS:
lipid A = endotoxin – released at cell lysis
Function:
Complement Activation
Fever induction
Release of Cytokines – endotoxin shock & death
Recruitment of WBC
Name general Virulence Factors for Entero-bacteria-ceae
Capsule – protection from phagocytosis
Flagella – motility
Pili/ Fimbria – adhesion
Endotoxin – Lipid A
Exotoxins
Enterotoxins
Cytotoxins – damage to host cell (shiga toxin)
Name the function of K-antigen
it is th (K)apsule that covers the O-antigen (the outermost portion of the LPS)
What is the function of the H-antigen:
only motile flagella will possess this antigen – e.g. shigella is nonmotile, thus no H-antigen
What for are O-antigen, K-antigen and H-antigen used?
For antigenic Classification
Name Entero-bacteria-ceae that are non-motile – have no Flagella:
Escheri-chia Coli reservoir:
human natural intestinal flora – in colon
Escheri-chia Coli is member of normal comensal flora that can cause?
Name the five groups of E.Coli causing intestinal disease (Diarrhea)
ETEC – entero-toxigenic E.coli -small intestine
EPEC – entero-pathogenic E.coli – small intestine
EAEC – entero-aggregative E.coli -small intestine
EHEC/STEC – Shiga toxin-producing E.coli -large intestine
EIEC – entero-invasive E.coli – large intestine
Escheri-chia Coli causing INTESTINAL DISEASE is the commensal pathobionts or the pathogenic form?
pathogenic form
Transmission of ETEC, EPEC, EAEC& EIEC:
FOOD- BORNE
→ fecal-oral exposure to contaminated food or water or surfaces
Transmission of EHEC/STEC:
EHEC/STEC: entero-hemorrhagic or shiga toxin-producing E.coli
food-borne – like the others
CLOSE CONTACT – direct spread
Reservoir of ETEC, EPEC, EAEC, EHEC/STEC:
Reservoir of EIEC:
Escheri-chia Coli causing ETEC write the full name and clinical presentation:
ETEC – entero-toxigenic E.coli
clinical presentation: secretory diarrhea / travelor diarrhea
ETEC a intestinal disease of E.coli is causing what type of diarrhea?
TRAVELERS DIARRHEA
ETEC name the Virulence Factors causing secretory diarrhea:
ETEC - entero-toxigenic
Enterotoxin = Heat-stable (Sta&STb) – only STa associated with human disease
Enterotoxin = Heat-labile (LT-I & LT-II) – most commonly LT-I
Adhesins= Colonization Factor Antigens (CFAI/ CFAII/CFAIV)
Escheri-chia Coli causing EPEC write the full name and clinical presentation:
EPEC – entero-pathogenic E.coli
clinical presentation:infant diarrhea –characterized by watery diarrhea
EPEC name the Virulence Factors causing infant diarrhea:
→ only adhesins NO ENTERTOXINS
Adhesin – BFP (bundle-forming pili)
Adhesin – intimin
Escheri-chia Coli causing EAEC write the full name and clinical presentation:
EAEC – entero-aggregative E.coli
clinical presentation: chronic diarrhea, growth retardation in children, travelors diarrhea
EAEC name the Virulence Factors causing chronic diarrhea& growth retardation in children:
→ characteristic: BIOFILM production
Adhesins: Aggregative Adherence Fimbriae(AAFI/AAFII/AAFIII) -leading to biofilm formation
Entero-aggregative heat-stable toxin (EAST1)
Cytotoxin
Escheri-chia Coli causing EHEC/STEC write the full name and clinical presentation:
EHEC - entero-hemorrhagic E.coli
STEC – shiga toxin-producing E.coli
clinical presentation: hemorrhagic colitis & hemolytic uremic syndrome
Complication: HUS = hemolytic uremic syndrome – in children
HUS sequelae → characterized by: renal impairment, CNS manifestations
Name the specific strain of EHEC/STEC that leads to HUS – hemolytic uremic syndrome:
E.coli 0157:H7
EHEC/STEC name the Virulence Factors causing hemorrhagic colitis & hemolytic uremic syndrome:
SHIGA TOXIN
Adhesins: BFP (bundle-forming pili) & intimin
Escheri-chia Coli causing EIEC write the full name and clinical presentation:
EIEC – entero-invasive E.coli
clinical presentation: invasive/blood diarrhea
EIEC name the Virulence Factors causing invasive/blood diarrhea:
Adhesin: invasin
Exotoxin: Hemolysin
