OM (Chapter 9)

A push system produces goods in advance of customer demand using a forecast of sales and moves them through supply chain to points of sale where they are stored as finished goods inventory.

A pull system produces only what is needed at upstream stages in the supply chain in response to customer demand signals from downstream stages.

Postponement is the process of delaying product customization until the product is closer to the customer at the end of the supply chain. 

(REFRIGERATOR)

Reverse logistics refers to managing the flow of finished goods, materials, or components that may be unusable or discarded through the supply chain from customers toward either suppliers, distributors or manufacturers for the purpose of reuse, resale, or disposal.

The bullwhip effect results from order amplification in the supply chain: a phenomenon that occurs when each member of a supply chain “orders up” to buffer its own inventory.

Vendor managed inventory (VMI) is where the vendor (a consumer goods manufacturer, for example) monitors and manages the inventory for the customer (a grocery store, for example).

Economic (facility costs, operating costs, and transportation costs)   Non-economic (labor availability, legal and political factors, community environment)