Oligurie und Anurie

osmotic nephrosis and possibly medullary hypoxia.

encephalopathy, bleeding and pericarditis.

complement levels (C₃,C₄)

anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (aGBM)

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) levels

anti-streptolysin-O (ASO) titres

Muddy brown casts are associated with acute tubular necrosis

Red cell casts are associated with glomerulonephritis

Eosinophils are associated with interstitial nephritis.

Crystals may be urate crystals associated with tumour lysis syndrome and uric acid nephropathy.

Urin-NGAL (vor allem für frühe Diagnose: can predict the subsequent need for RRT, in-hospital mortality and response to therapy)

Serum-Cystatin C

 terlipressin may improve renal function by

reducing splanchnic vasodilation

increasing central circulating blood volume

reducing endogenous renal vasoconstriction.

Amphotericin B (macht 25-30% AKI, Lipidlösungen weniger!)

, Aminoglykoside, Vancomycin

• Afferent arteriolar myogenic (autoregulatory) vasodilation
• Efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction via juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) induced renin-angiotensin mechanism
• Intrarenal vasoregulatory change: prostaglandin induced diversion of blood flow to favour the juxtamedullary cortex 

->Na- und Wasserruresobtion->Na in Urin sinkt, Osmolarität steigt

glomerular microvascular damage (glomerulonephritis) may be a consequence of direct antibody mediated toxicity e.g. anti-basement membrane antibodies or of indirect damage via immune complex disease

• Glomerulonephritis, thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura (TTP), Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)
• Infective endocarditis
• Renal artery embolism, renal vein thrombosis, malignant hypertension

Fehlendes Volumen durch reduziertes venöses Volumen

Kompression des Nierenparenchyms

->Aktivierung des RAAS