KSBG - Biology - Genetics
Terms used in the biology lessons on genetics. Study material for the class 3aL.
Terms used in the biology lessons on genetics. Study material for the class 3aL.
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The set of alleles (genetic make-up) of an organism.
Measurable physical (and biochemical) characteristics of an organism (e.g. Blue eye colour, curly hair type, ...).
Location of a gene on a chromosome.
Observable alternative of a given character.
Quantifiable, heritable feature of interest.
An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote.
An allele that is fully expressed in a phenotype of a heterozygote.
Self-fertilisation of an organism that will always produce identical offspring.
A genotype with two different alleles of a gene.
A genotype with two identical alleles of a gene.
Any of the alternative versions of a gene that produces distinguishable phenotypic effects.
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA (that encodes for a protein product).
Independent (random) assortment of the homologous chromosomes during anaphase I.
Genetic variation achieved by crossing over.
Maternal and paternal chromosome that have the same length, shape and genes.
The two strands of a chromosome that carry the identical genetic information (same alleles at the same loci).
One of the two strands of a chromosome.
Condensed form of the DNA that forms during prophase.
Point at which two homologous chromosomes cross over.
Two sets of chromosomes (maternal and paternal). 2n = 46 chromosomes (or 23 pairs) in humans.
A single set of chromosomes of an organism. n = 23 chromosomes in humans.
Division of the cytoplasm (By a cleavage furrow in animal cells or the formation of a cell plate in plant cells).
Stage at which the chromatids decondense and two new nuclei formed. Cytokinesis starts.
Stage at which the sister-chromatids move to opposite cell poles.
Stage at which the haploid set of chromosomes line up side by side on the equator. The centromere divides and the two sister chromatids are attached to microtubules that origninate from either one of the two cell poles.
Stage at which the chromosomes condense, a spindle apparatus forms and the chromosomes start to move to the equator.
Stage at which the chromosomes at the two cell poles partly decondense and two new nuclei form. Cytokinesis starts.
Stage at which the entire homologous chromosomes are separated and move towards opposite cell poles.
Stage at which all pairs of homologous chromosomes line up side by side on the equator. The centromeres of the homologous chromosomes are attached to microtubules that originate from either one of the two cell poles.
Process by which homologous chromosomes form tetrads and non-sister chromatids exchange parts of their genetic material.
Stage at which the chromosomes condense, a spindle apparatus forms and the pairs of homologous chromosomes undergo crossing-over.
The time between mitotic or meiotic divisions when the cell grows and doubles the number of DNA molecules (DNA replication).
Diploid cell formed by fusion of two hapoid gametes. The first cell of a new individual.
Haploid reproductive cell, e.g. egg or sperm cell.
Nuclear division process that brings about haploid gametes.
