ITL, chapter 1
Chapter 1, Foundations
Chapter 1, Foundations
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Lernkarten
What are the Royal Justices?
Royal representatives who traveled through England to administer the law, the common law of England.
What are precedents ?
1) If the rule already existed, it is clear that the same rule should be applied in future cases and also by other judges.
2) If a judge, by giving his decision, creates a new rule that did not exist yet but would exist from the moment that the decision was given. Other judges will have to apply the rule in future cases. (Stare Decisis)
What is Stare Decisis ?
From Latin, stand by your decision
If a court has decided a case in a particular way, then the same court and the courts that are inferior to it must give the same decision in future cases that are similar.
What is case-based reasoning ?
In common law, looking for similarities and differences between new cases and old cases that have already been decided.
What is Equity ?
A separate branch of law made of a body of rules and principles that were developed to mitigate harsh results that might result from the application of common law.
What is the Ius Commune and what are its two main sources ?
Latin name for common law. The Roman Law and the Canon Law.
What is rationalist law?
Law on rational basis and not as a matter of social fact
What is codification and what has it to do with the formation of nations states?
The process of state formation reached a provisional end point in 1648 Shan a number of wars were ended by the peace treaties of Westphalia. This treaty was codified, so written down. It state that Europe was divided into a number of nation state which were assumed to be sovereign. The law become national law.
What is the Westphalian duo ?
Made of national law and international public law
Explain the resistance movement against codification.
Under the leadership of Von Savigny, a law professor in Berlin, it was said that the national law reflected the spirit of that nation. So codification would fossilize the law, and the connection between the law and the spirit of the people would be lost.
What are the possible interpretation of the law?
1) The Literal Rule or Grammatical Interpretation (rules should be interpreted literally)
2) The Mischief Rule or Legislative Intent (if a legal decision maker gives the rule an interpretation that makes it suit the intention of the legislator)
3) The Golden Rule; Purposive or Teological Interpretation (determine the purpose of the rule himself)
4) The Lawyer's Toolbox (makes his own value judgement and bases his interpretation of the rule on this value judgement)
Which legal families are there ?
1) common law family (England, Wales, Ireland)
2) civil law family
-French family (France, Belgium, Spain, Portugal )
-German family (Germany, Austria, Switzerland )
-both (Italy, the Netherlands, Poland)
3) both ( Scotland )
Mention three kind of transnational law.
1) Human Rights (because they are protected by international treaties) Ius Cogens, a set of peremptory norms of international law
2) European Union Law (the member states of the EU and their legal subject are bound by a legal system that is neither the system of a nation state or a system that regulates the mutual relations between nation states)
3) Lex Mercatoria (a set of rules created by merchants to regulate their mutual dealings)
What is transnational law ?
A law that is not made or not enforced by national states or that is not meant for the regulation of behaviour of legal subjects within nation states to the mutual relations between nation states.
