ITL, chapter 1

-Legal rules

-collective enforcement (state organs)

-specific sanctions

-positive law (a law that have been laid down) --> offers legal certainty

-can be repealed

1) law is a guideline for behaviour by telling what is authorised and what is prohibited

Morality sets standards through which we can evaluate our behaviour as good, not so good, or bad.

2) morality is important for the well functioning of the society

3) laws have state enforcement

Positive law is the law at have been laid down and imposed by organs of the state at all time, while positive morality  is the moral precepts and standards that are broadly accepted at a particular time and place.

-Tribal law (the law of a tribe, of the people

-Customary law 

-Historical legislator, transmitted from generations to generations

-Immutability, the law have been such and since time immemorial and will never change

-ius civile and gentium

-codification, the law written down

-Praetor and Iudex

-The Corpus Iuris Civilis

Consists of guideline for behaviour that have grown spontaneously in a society in the form of mutual expectations, which after some time are accepted as binding.

Ius Civile : mutual relations between members of the tribe

Ius Gentium : mutual relations between tribe members and foreigners or between foreigners among them

It was an attempt to codify the existing Roman law, for the Eastern Empire. 

it consisted of 3 parts : 

-the Codex :contained imperial legislation of several centuries

-the Digest : a collection of excerpts from writing of jurists 

-the Institutions : a student textbook

Common law was used in the British Empire and Civil law was used in continental Europe.