History of the English Language
History of the English language
History of the English language
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 71 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | English |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 05.02.2015 / 23.07.2020 |
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What does function-to-form-mapping mean?
Diachronic pragmatics: What are different form that fulfilled one and the same function (e.g. greeting someone) over time?)
Name features of a text.
a) longer than one sentence
b) self-contained
c) specific, communicative intention
Define 'genre'.
Established on the basis of language-external criteria (e.g. format, length, purpose, etc.)
Define 'texttype'.
Established on the basis of language-internal features
What is an example for historical texts?
Cooking Recipes
Define 'sociology of language'.
The study of society via language.
Explain 'sociolinguistics'.
the study of lanuguage via society.
Explain the terms: social class, scial stratification, sociolects/ social class dialect.
Social class = groups of individuals with similar social and/or economic characteristics
social stratification = any hierarchical ordering of groups within a society in terms of power, wealth, status or other parameters
sociolect/ social class dialect = differentiation of human society mirrored by language
Who was William Labov?
He was the founding father of modern sociolinguistics. He claimed that the realisation of phonological, morphological, or syntactic items can vary in a single speaker or in groups of spakers.
Name an example of linguistic variation. (William Labov)
The woman who drove past ...
The woman that drove past ....
What was the experiment of William Labov about ?
Rhoticity in NYC
--> 1972: The social stratification of (r) in New York City Department Stores
Name characteristics of a corpus.
1. collection of spoken and/or wrtten data on clearly defined principles
2. naturally-occuring speech
3. machine-readable (in modern corpus linguistics)
4. representative (for certain types of language use)
5. possibly balanced
Who mostly lead language change?
Women
Name characteristics of corpus-linguistic studies.
-computer-assisted
- exhaustive
- intersubjectively verifiable
- frequency-oriented
- context-sensitive
Name the steps of the procedure of corpus-linguistic studies.
1. Research question
2. Literature review
3. Data selection
4. Data analysis
5. Interpretation and conclusion
When was the period of Old English?
From 450-1150
When was the period of Middle English?
From 1150-1500
When was the period of Early Modern English?
From 1500-1700
When was the period of Late Modern English?
From 1700-1900
When was the period of Present-Day English?
From 1900- today
What does the internal history of periods mean?
Common features at the levels of vocabulary, phonology, morphology and syntax
What does the external history of periods refer to?
To political and cultural events that had an influence on the development of language
The internal history of old English
--> Fully inflected
--> relatively free word order
--> germanic vocabulary
The external history of Old English
- 449: Britain invaded by Germanic tribes
-597: Augustine stared christianisation
- approx. 725: Oral composition of Beowulf
Internal history of Middle English
- reduced inflections
- increasingly fixed word order
- French and Latin official language
- French influence on English vocabulary
External history of Middle English
1066: Norman Conquest
1340-1400: Geoffrey Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales
Internal history of Early Modern English
- levelled inflections
- fixed word order
- Latin & Greek influence on vocabulary
- increasing standardisation
External history of Early Modern English
- 1476: Caxton set up printing press
-Reformation
-Renaissance
-1564-1616: William Shakespeare
Internal history of Late Modern English
- Codification of Standard English
- International Englishes
External history of Late Modern English
17th & 18th century: Grammary and dictionaries
17th century: world-wirde colonization by the British
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