GIS III

a Web page or application that dynamically (≠ copy paste!) combines contents or functions from multiple Web sites: Live linkage to its sources!

a mashup where at least one of the contents/functions is georeferenced.

Prior to 2005: server-side (due to performance), Nowadays: browser-side (better performance, JavaScript API’s released from Google etc.)

Basemaps // Operational layers: your own data published as service, results of queries, etc., respond to user actions, e.g., mouse click // Tools: business logic, analytical functions

WebService: web servers, BSA: web browsers

WebServices: independent of programming languages, can be used with any language. BSA: dependent of specific programming languages. APIs (eg. JavaScript, Flex, Silverlight) need to be used with corresponding language

WebService: provide server-side functions, can operate databases, do not provide user interface or user interaction functions. BSA: provide browser-side functions, including user interface, user interaction, mouse control, brwoser-side logic, etc.

WebService: waiting to be called by browser-side API or other languages, BSA: usually encapsulate web services, especially RESTful Web services. Can call Web services based on user interaction, and let users use Web services without knowing it.

extracts information from unstructured Web content and transforms it into structured data

1) Quality: can vary enormously; uncertainty / error can be propagated // 2) Copyright & terms of use // 3) Stability of mashup application depends on stability of its sources. // 4) Security: enterprise mashups can involve confidential information

spatial data infrastructure. Geoportals reduce search time!

Sensor Observation Service.

Service um die Daten von den Sensoren zu erhalten und Sensoren zu steuern (Kamerarichtung)

Sensor Planing Service

Service um herauszufinden wo welche Sensoren sind und was sie können.

Sensor Alert Service

Service der Alarme der Sensoren speichert und wo man sich für Alarme anmelden kann.

Web Notification Service

Service provides asynchronous notification of sensor events (tasks, observation of phenomena).

1. Who are the users?

2. What decisions do the users need to make and how frequently?

3. What information is needed to support these decisions? (maps, tables answers to queries, sketches,...)

4. What data are needed? (layers, resolution, accuracy, how current,...)

5. What procedures will need to be exectured on the data to create the information? (display map, complex simulation modeling, tools,..)

6. Are the users satisfied?

7. What about long-term maintenance

uses GIS to add to body of scientific knowledge (see also data

exploration in geovisualization)

1. Area of science?

2. What is it we do not know?

3. What are the methods? (visual, tabulation, relationships,...)

4. Change the question?

5. Generalize?

6. New Questions?

* ArcGIS: interface customized?

* results communicated to ultimate users

* client-server

* Web service

* ArcGIS for Server (http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisserver/index.html)

* customized interface (limited functionality, programming required);

o Projects must be completed on time, within budget, and according to quality standards.

o You will be responsible for the work of others. Make sure they are competent.

o Uncertainty of many kinds exists: you have to live with it but agree how much is acceptable

o Have fun doing it and celebrate success!

* most software and data is charged-for

* GIS generates large revenues and costs

* Linking data together can generate added value

* geoportal of the Swiss Confederation

* US federal government GI is free

* Many voluntary groups do work for free or low cost

* Some other governments expect users to pay for GI

o First Law of GIS: You get something for nothing by bringing together GI from different sources and using it in combination.

o People much more expensive than hard/software

o Technical skills necessary for many GIS roles but rarely sufficient for success in GIS/GI ‘business’, Understanding the operating ‘business’ environment crucial to success.

o Problem: Personalization vs. Privacy

The law touches everything – be prepared!

There is a geography of the law – it varies. ‘Commerce is global. Law, for the most part, is not’

* Liability

* Intellectual Property Rights

* Information access laws

* Privacy

YES

usually not

Laws vary