GIS III
Fragen zur Vorlesung GIS III an der ETH bei Prof. Raubal Basierend auf der Zusammenfassung von Roland Schenkel. Karten sind ohne Grafiken ohne Interoperabilität
Fragen zur Vorlesung GIS III an der ETH bei Prof. Raubal Basierend auf der Zusammenfassung von Roland Schenkel. Karten sind ohne Grafiken ohne Interoperabilität
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 75 |
|---|---|
| Students | 11 |
| Language | English |
| Category | Computer Science |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 26.01.2012 / 08.08.2019 |
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What is a Mashup?
a Web page or application that dynamically (≠ copy paste!) combines contents or functions from multiple Web sites: Live linkage to its sources!
What is a Geomashup?
a mashup where at least one of the contents/functions is georeferenced.
Architecture of Mashups?
Prior to 2005: server-side (due to performance), Nowadays: browser-side (better performance, JavaScript API’s released from Google etc.)
Structures of Mashups?
Basemaps // Operational layers: your own data published as service, results of queries, etc., respond to user actions, e.g., mouse click // Tools: business logic, analytical functions
Web Services vs. Browers-Side APIs? (Execution Location)
WebService: web servers, BSA: web browsers
Web Services vs. Browers-Side APIs? (Programming Language)
WebServices: independent of programming languages, can be used with any language. BSA: dependent of specific programming languages. APIs (eg. JavaScript, Flex, Silverlight) need to be used with corresponding language
Web Services vs. Browers-Side APIs? (Capabilities)
WebService: provide server-side functions, can operate databases, do not provide user interface or user interaction functions. BSA: provide browser-side functions, including user interface, user interaction, mouse control, brwoser-side logic, etc.
Web Services vs. Browers-Side APIs? (Relationship)
WebService: waiting to be called by browser-side API or other languages, BSA: usually encapsulate web services, especially RESTful Web services. Can call Web services based on user interaction, and let users use Web services without knowing it.
What is Web Scraping?
extracts information from unstructured Web content and transforms it into structured data
Important considerations for Mashups and Web Services?
1) Quality: can vary enormously; uncertainty / error can be propagated // 2) Copyright & terms of use // 3) Stability of mashup application depends on stability of its sources. // 4) Security: enterprise mashups can involve confidential information
What is SDI? And why to use it?
spatial data infrastructure. Geoportals reduce search time!
SAS
Sensor Alert Service
Service der Alarme der Sensoren speichert und wo man sich für Alarme anmelden kann.
WNS
Web Notification Service
Service provides asynchronous notification of sensor events (tasks, observation of phenomena).
Service model: general
provides a defined service to a defined user community
Service model: stages
1. Who are the users?
2. What decisions do the users need to make and how frequently?
3. What information is needed to support these decisions? (maps, tables answers to queries, sketches,...)
4. What data are needed? (layers, resolution, accuracy, how current,...)
5. What procedures will need to be exectured on the data to create the information? (display map, complex simulation modeling, tools,..)
6. Are the users satisfied?
7. What about long-term maintenance
Discovery model: general
uses GIS to add to body of scientific knowledge (see also data
exploration in geovisualization)
Discovery model: stages
1. Area of science?
2. What is it we do not know?
3. What are the methods? (visual, tabulation, relationships,...)
4. Change the question?
5. Generalize?
6. New Questions?
GIS Architectures: Single user
* ArcGIS: interface customized?
* results communicated to ultimate users
GIS Architectures: Multiple users
* client-server
* Web service
* ArcGIS for Server (http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisserver/index.html)
* customized interface (limited functionality, programming required);
Golden Rules of Project Management
o Projects must be completed on time, within budget, and according to quality standards.
o You will be responsible for the work of others. Make sure they are competent.
o Uncertainty of many kinds exists: you have to live with it but agree how much is acceptable
o Have fun doing it and celebrate success!
GI Assets: commercialization
* most software and data is charged-for
* GIS generates large revenues and costs
* Linking data together can generate added value
GI Assets: Goverments
* geoportal of the Swiss Confederation
* US federal government GI is free
* Many voluntary groups do work for free or low cost
* Some other governments expect users to pay for GI
GI Constrraints
o First Law of GIS: You get something for nothing by bringing together GI from different sources and using it in combination.
o People much more expensive than hard/software
o Technical skills necessary for many GIS roles but rarely sufficient for success in GIS/GI ‘business’, Understanding the operating ‘business’ environment crucial to success.
o Problem: Personalization vs. Privacy
Legal issues: general
The law touches everything – be prepared!
There is a geography of the law – it varies. ‘Commerce is global. Law, for the most part, is not’
Legal areas particularly important for GIS:
* Liability
* Intellectual Property Rights
* Information access laws
* Privacy
the Big Questions:
Can GI be treated as (intellectual) property?
YES
the Big Questions:
Can ‘geographical facts’ be protected?:
usually not
the Big Questions:
Should government GI be protected?
Laws vary
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