Geo Test

Geburtenrate: Zahl der Geburten/1000 Einwohner

Fertilitätsrate: Anzahl der Kinder/Frau (Österreich: 1,4)

- Bevölkerungswachstum

- Armut

- Wassermangel

- Bevölkerungszuwachs

- Überweidung, denn Anbau kaum möglich

- Abholzen des wenigen Holzes fürs Kochen

- Ausbeutung der Grundwasservorräte

- Intensive Landwirtschaft

- Klimaerwärmung

- Grundwasseroasen/ground water oasis

- Flussoasen/river oasis

Als in Europa die Eiszeit herrschte, gab es eine Regenperiode in Afrika und Wandmalereien in der Sahara beweisen, dass es dort einmal eine Savanne gab (Desertifikation).

- sesshafte Ackerbauer: Dattelpalme-, Gemüse-, Obstanbau

- nicht-sesshafte Nomaden: Viehzucht (nicht sehr bedeutend in den Oasen

-  deserts close to the Tropic of Cancer/Capricorn e.g. Sahara, Arab Peninsula: they are in the rainshadow of mountain ranges

-  deserts in coastal areas close to a cold ocean current e.g. Atacama desert (Chile), Namib desert (Namibia): cold water means no rainfall

- center/mid continenatal deserts e.g. Gobi desert (west of China): Himalaya mountains block rain from the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean too far away

- mountain desert (Gebirgswüste) e.g. Ayers Rock (Australia), Cappadocia (Turkey): mountain area with less than 250ml precipitation/year, no vegetation

- stony desert (Geröllwüste)

- sandy desert (Sandwüste)

Due to daily extremes of temperatures, the rock deteriorates. High up in mountains it is mostly found as frost shattering.

Against belief the mountain desert is the most common, then the stony and the sandy desert is only one quarter of the word's deserts.

close to the Mediterranean: Mediterrenean climate (Winterregenklima) - MM vegetation Macchie/-a

close to the Tropic of Cancer: desert climate - semi-desert, desert

Zwei Quellflüsse:

- aus dem Raum unter dem Viktoria See (tägliche Niederschläge)

- aus Äthiopien (einfache Regenzeit)

Wegen dem Nasser Staudamm gibt es regelmäßige Wasserführung im ganzen Jahr und nicht mehr nur im Herbst. 

- keine Überschwemmungen mehr

- gleichmäßige, ganzjährige Bewässerung

- ganzjähriger Anbau, mehrere Ernten/Jahr

-  Steigung der landwirtschaftlichen Leistung

- Stromerzeugung (Industrialisierung)

- Massentourismus (Schiffe können verkehren: Kreuzfahrten)

Zwischen Assuan und Luxor, dort gibt es riesige Tempelanlagen. Oft Kreuzfahrten zwischen diesen Städten, aber auch in Hugada (am Roten Meer).

Artic Circle: 66°n (between Temperate and Subpolar zone)

Mediterrenean: 40°n (between Temperate and Subtropical zone)

Tropic of Cancer: 23°n (between Tropical and Subtropical zone)

Climate is the average weather over a long period of time. e.g. Monsoon climate (raining season=summer)

Weather is the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere (weekly changing) in terms of temperature, rainfall, sunshine and wind.

temperature

precipitation

air pressure

wind

Distance from the equator (latitude)

Distance from the sea

Prevailing winds

Altitude

Because places that are closer to the Equator are warmer than places near to the poles.

Because of

the curvature of the Earth: at the equator the heat is concentrated upon a small area, but due to the great curvature near the poles there is a larger area to heat up there

the angle of the sun in the sky: as the sun's rays pass through the atmosphere at a more direct angle (and therefore more quickly) at the Equator, less heat is lost

the layer of atmosphere that surrounds the Earth: the amtosphere contains dust, smoke and other solid particles that absorb heat

Because land and sea respond differently to temperture.

Land heats up quickly, but also loses heat quickly (summer and winter = large temperature range).

Sea heats up and cools down much more slowly (Atlantic ocean: 15,16,17°C, therefore small temperature range).

Far: Russia, Austria (therefore very cold winters and relatively warm summers)

Close: Britain, Ireland, France (summer remains rather cool and winter mild)

The prevaling wind is the direction from which the wind is most likely to come.

In Austria and most Europe we are within the westerly wind zone, meaning it comes from the Atlantic ocean with a lot of humidity.

Because it has it's own temperature and it depends on:

where the wind comes from

type of surface over which it passes

Because as height increases, the air becomes less dense and so is less able to retain the heat it receives from the ground. 

Mountains < temperature than lowlands

Decrease of 0,5°C/100m

Air blows from the sea (prevailing westerly winds) - towards a mountain range - humid air forced to rise - the rising air cools - condenses into clouds - heavy rain = on the windward side (LUV-Seite)

air descends - warmed by the land - clouds disappear - rainshadow - little rain - dry air = leeward side (LEE-Seite) 

- from the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean sea, Adriatic sea

- Northern rims of the Alps