General Navigation T3

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L. W.

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L. W.

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Diese Lernkarten behandeln astronomische und navigatorische Grundlagen wie Sonnenlauf, Zeitsysteme und Keplersche Gesetze. Im Fokus stehen Begriffe wie Dämmerung, Sonnenauf- und -untergang, Erdrotation sowie Positionierungsmethoden wie Meridian- oder Stundenwinkelberechnungen. Ideal für Lernende in Luft- oder Schifffahrt, die präzise Zeit- und Positionsbestimmungen verstehen müssen.

Cartes-fiches

Utilisateurs

Langue

Allemand

Catégorie

Mathématiques

Niveau

Autres

Créé / Mis à jour

22.06.2015 / 21.03.2026

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Pherihelion

the earth closest to the su around January 4 at about 147 Mio km ==> Im Winter

Aphelion

The Earth furthest away from the sound ==> am 5 July => Sommer

Keplers Law 1 und 2?

1. The Law of Orbits;

2. the law of areas:

Kepler: 1. The Law of Orbits;

all planets move in elliptical orbits, with the sound at one focus ==> F = G x ((m1 x m2)/distance^2) G = universal gravitation constant

Kepler: 2. the law of areas:

A line that connects a planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times ==> Geschwindigkeit um die SOnne unterschiedlich zwischen Winter und Sommer ==> Geschwindigkeit nimmt zu, weil r klein wird und mc und 1 gleich gross sein müssen

Zenith?

senkrecht über uns => bzw wenn die Sonne über uns ist ==> Reffs to an imaginary point directly above a particular location on geh imaginary celestial sphere

declinatiion is ?

teh angular distance of a heavenly body above N or below S the celestial equator

Sidereal year anzahl Tage?

interval of time for the Earth to orbit the Sun once with respect to the fixed start ==> 365d 06h 09 s 09 ms

Tropical year ==> Anzahl Tage?

the interval of time between one vernal equinox and the next in relation to the sun ==> 365d 05h 48 se 46 ms

1. meteoroids

2. meteors

3. meteorites

1. meteoroids: little chunks of rock and debris in space

2. meteors: shooting stars when tey interact with a planet's atmosphere leaving a planets atmosphere leasbing a bright trails as they heated to gloe by friction

3. meteorites: wenn sie am Boden sind

Atmospheric refraction:

Cause the Sunrise to occur earlier and the Sunset to occur later

Causes the Sunrise to occur later and the Sunset to occur earlier

Causes the Sunrise and the Sunset to occur earlier

Causes the Sunrise and the Sunset to occur later

Cause the Sunrise to occur earlier and the Sunset to occur later

Causes the Sunrise to occur later and the Sunset to occur earlier

Causes the Sunrise and the Sunset to occur earlier

Causes the Sunrise and the Sunset to occur later

The times given for sunrise in the rising tables tell the time:

In UTC at suitable intervals of latitude for the Prime Meridian

In GMT at suitable intervals of longitude at the Equator

In Standard Time at the Greenwich meridian

In LMT at the 180º Meridian

In UTC at suitable intervals of latitude for the Prime Meridian

In GMT at suitable intervals of longitude at the Equator

In Standard Time at the Greenwich meridian

In LMT at the 180º Meridian

The duration of evening civil twilight is the time:

Between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 6° below the true horizon

Between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 12° below the true horizon

Needed by the sun to move from the apparent height of 0° to the apparent height of 6°

Between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 6° below the true horizon

Between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 12° below the true horizon

Needed by the sun to move from the apparent height of 0° to the apparent height of 6°

The "duration of twilight":

Is generally longer in positions at high latitudes that in positions at lower latitudes

Is independent of the sun's declination, and only depends on the observers latitude and longitude

Is longer in the morning than in the evening, because of the refraction in the atmosphere

Will in the period around the Equinoxes increase as you approach the equator from North or South

Is generally longer in positions at high latitudes that in positions at lower latitudes

Is independent of the sun's declination, and only depends on the observers latitude and longitude

Is longer in the morning than in the evening, because of the refraction in the atmosphere

Will in the period around the Equinoxes increase as you approach the equator from North or South

Wenn is the sunrise/sunset time ?

when the centrum of the sun is 50 min below the sensible horizon

wie rechnet man den höchsten Punkt der Sonne aus?

Sonnenaufgang bis Sonnenuntergang rechnen und / 2 ==> given in LMT

Sunris/Sunset Times => 1.2. and 3 dependency

1. Sunrise/sunset times depend on the latitude of teh observer

2. Sunrise/sunset times depend on declination of the sun (Seasons)

3. Sunrise/sunset times depend on the elevation of the observer

Twilight

1. Civil Twilight: 6 Grad below

2. Nautical Twilight: 12 Grad below ==> Schifffahrt

3. Astronomical Twilight: 18 grad below ==> Das einzige Licht kommt von den Sternen

The terms "Starboard" (S) and "Port" (P) may be used to tell the direction of the drift and the drift correction. Choose the correct statement ?

"S" drift equals Right drift

"S" drift equals Left drift

"S" drift correction means that drift is Right

"P" drift correction means that drift is Left

"S" drift equals Right drift

"S" drift equals Left drift

"S" drift correction means that drift is Right

"P" drift correction means that drift is Left

The circumference of the parallel of latitude at 60°N is approximately:

10 800 NM

34 641 NM

18 706 NM

8 356 NM

10 800 NM

34 641 NM

18 706 NM

8 356 NM

The declination of the sun is defined as

The angular distance of the sun north or south of the celestial equator.

The arc from the celestial horizon to the sun measured along a vertical line perpendicular on the horizon.

The arc of the meridian of the sun measured from the nearest pole to the sun.

The arc along the celestial sphere from zenith to the sun.

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

The angular distance of the sun north or south of the celestial equator.

The arc from the celestial horizon to the sun measured along a vertical line perpendicular on the horizon.

The arc of the meridian of the sun measured from the nearest pole to the sun.

The arc along the celestial sphere from zenith to the sun.

By the term "transit" of a heavenly body it is understood that:

the body is passing the meridian of the observer or another specified meridian

the body is passing the anti meridian of the observer

the body is moving

the body is at the same celestial meridian as another body

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

the body is passing the meridian of the observer or another specified meridian

the body is passing the anti meridian of the observer

the body is moving

the body is at the same celestial meridian as another body

Which is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will rise above the horizon and set every day?

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

66,5 Grad

Observed from a position on the surface of the Earth the heavenly bodies seems to

move from east to west

move from east to west on the northern hemisphere

move from west to east on the southern hemisphere

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

move from east to west

move from east to west on the northern hemisphere

move from west to east on the southern hemisphere

Above what latitude is the sun in zenith at the spring equinox on the northern hemisphere?

The Equator

N 66° 33'

N 23° 27'

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

The Equator

N 66° 33'

N 23° 27'

The term "Sidereal Hour Angle" (SHA) is used

to define the position of a star on the celestial sphere without reference to Earth co-ordinates

to describe the time interval between two successive transits of the real apparent sun at the same meridian

to describe the position of a star with reference to the moon

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

to define the position of a star on the celestial sphere without reference to Earth co-ordinates

to describe the time interval between two successive transits of the real apparent sun at the same meridian

to describe the position of a star with reference to the moon

Assuming mid-latitudes (40° to 50°N/S). At which time of year is the relationship between the length of day and night, as well as the rate of change of declination of the sun, changing at the greatest rate?

Spring equinox and autumn equinox

Summer solstice and spring equinox

Winter solstice and autumn equinox

Summer solstice and winter solstice

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

Spring equinox and autumn equinox

Summer solstice and spring equinox

Winter solstice and autumn equinox

Summer solstice and winter solstice

The sun's declination is

The sun's position relative to the plane of the Equator

The angular distance between the sun and the celestial North Pole

The distance between the sun and the horizon

The sun's position relative to the ecliptic

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

The sun's position relative to the plane of the Equator

The angular distance between the sun and the celestial North Pole

The distance between the sun and the horizon

The sun's position relative to the ecliptic

What is meant by "Aphelion"?

The point of the earth's orbit furthest away from the sun.

The point of the sun's orbit closest to the earth.

The point of the earth's orbit closest to the sun

The point of the sun's orbit furthest away from the earth.

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

The point of the earth's orbit furthest away from the sun.

The point of the sun's orbit closest to the earth.

The point of the earth's orbit closest to the sun

The point of the sun's orbit furthest away from the earth.

If the LMT in position 54°40’S 000°00’ is 15:25, what is the GMT in position 54°40’S 180°00’?

Commandes clavier:

= tourner,

= avant/arrière,

= faire défiler

15:25

The greatest difference between the length of the apparent solar day and the mean solar day occur

February and November

January and July

October and May

March and September

February and November

January and July

October and May

March and September

A day is defined as

the period elapsed between two successive transits of a heavenly body

the period from sunrise to sunset

the period from morning to evening

the period in which day flying is authorised

the period elapsed between two successive transits of a heavenly body

the period from sunrise to sunset

the period from morning to evening

the period in which day flying is authorised

The mean sun

Moves with constant speed along the celestial equator

Has a declination equal to the apparent sun

Moves with constant speed along the celestial equator

Has a declination equal to the apparent sun

"Mean time" has been introduced in order to

Introduce a constant measurement of time, independent of the daily variations in the movement of the Sun as observed from the Earth

Compensate for the irregularities of the speed of rotation of the Earth around it's axis

Save us the problem of adjusting our watches entering every leap year

Have one fixed time to be used within the border of a country

Introduce a constant measurement of time, independent of the daily variations in the movement of the Sun as observed from the Earth

Compensate for the irregularities of the speed of rotation of the Earth around it's axis

Save us the problem of adjusting our watches entering every leap year

Have one fixed time to be used within the border of a country

The International Date Line is located

At the 180°E/W meridian, or in the vicinity of this meridian

At all latitudes on the 180°E/W meridian

At the Greenwich meridian

At the 180°E/W meridian, or in the vicinity of this meridian

At all latitudes on the 180°E/W meridian

At the Greenwich meridian

The length of a apparent solar day is not constant because:

the Earth's speed of revolution in its orbit varies continuously, due to the orbit being elliptical

the plane of the Ecliptic and the plane of the Equator are inclined to each other

the Earth's speed of rotation is not the same at all latitudes

the Sun's declination is not constant

the Earth's speed of revolution in its orbit varies continuously, due to the orbit being elliptical

the plane of the Ecliptic and the plane of the Equator are inclined to each other

the Earth's speed of rotation is not the same at all latitudes

the Sun's declination is not constant

The "Equation of time"

states the difference in time of transit of the Mean sun and the Apparent sun any particular day

is used when calculating the difference between UTC and LMT

states the difference between celestial time and apparent time

is used to calculate mean time when standard time is known

states the difference in time of transit of the Mean sun and the Apparent sun any particular day

is used when calculating the difference between UTC and LMT

states the difference between celestial time and apparent time

is used to calculate mean time when standard time is known

The Analemma

North south difference is due to the tilt of the earth rotational axis on its orbit around the sun ==> the east west difference is due to the ecliptic

mean solar day

the time between two successive transit of the mean sun on the meridian of the specified location

The reak sun lags behind around which day?

max. 12 February and 27 july

1 / 42

Cartes-fiches

Atmospheric refraction:

Cause the Sunrise to occur earlier and the Sunset to occur later

Causes the Sunrise to occur later and the Sunset to occur earlier

Causes the Sunrise and the Sunset to occur earlier

Causes the Sunrise and the Sunset to occur later

The times given for sunrise in the rising tables tell the time:

In UTC at suitable intervals of latitude for the Prime Meridian

In GMT at suitable intervals of longitude at the Equator

In Standard Time at the Greenwich meridian

In LMT at the 180º Meridian

The duration of evening civil twilight is the time:

Between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 6° below the true horizon

Between sunset and when the centre of the sun is 12° below the true horizon

Needed by the sun to move from the apparent height of 0° to the apparent height of 6°

The "duration of twilight":

Is generally longer in positions at high latitudes that in positions at lower latitudes

Is independent of the sun's declination, and only depends on the observers latitude and longitude

Is longer in the morning than in the evening, because of the refraction in the atmosphere

Will in the period around the Equinoxes increase as you approach the equator from North or South

Wenn is the sunrise/sunset time ?

when the centrum of the sun is 50 min below the sensible horizon

wie rechnet man den höchsten Punkt der Sonne aus?

Sonnenaufgang bis Sonnenuntergang rechnen und / 2 ==> given in LMT

Sunris/Sunset Times => 1.2. and 3 dependency

1. Sunrise/sunset times depend on the latitude of teh observer

2. Sunrise/sunset times depend on declination of the sun (Seasons)

3. Sunrise/sunset times depend on the elevation of the observer

Twilight

1. Civil Twilight: 6 Grad below

2. Nautical Twilight: 12 Grad below ==> Schifffahrt

3. Astronomical Twilight: 18 grad below ==> Das einzige Licht kommt von den Sternen

The terms "Starboard" (S) and "Port" (P) may be used to tell the direction of the drift and the drift correction. Choose the correct statement ?

"S" drift equals Right drift

"S" drift equals Left drift

"S" drift correction means that drift is Right

"P" drift correction means that drift is Left

The circumference of the parallel of latitude at 60°N is approximately:

10 800 NM

34 641 NM

18 706 NM

8 356 NM

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General Navigation T3

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