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Cartes-fiches
The depression of the central nervous system
Deep lung air: the last 1/3rd of an exhalation which is the least influenced by external circumstances
Mouth alcohol effect (MAE): the effect of ethanol in the oral cavity on the alcohol breath reading Provides a falsely elevated measure of the BAC
At what type of rate is ethanol metabolized at? (1p)
Ethanol is metabolized at a constant rate for the particular circumstances (eg. Where it is in the body, if there is food present)
What are the punishments for having a "warn range" of 50-80mg of alcohol per 100mL of blood, as a full licensed driver who has drunk and driven for the 1st-3rd offense and beyond? (4p)
1. 3-day license suspension and $150 administration fee
2. Second offense within 5yrs results in a 7-day license suspension, mandatory alcohol education program, and $150 administrative fee
3. Third offense within 5yrs results in a 30-day license suspension, mandatory alcohol treatment program, six-month ignition interlock license condition, and a $150 administrative fees
4. After the third offense, the same conditions apply as the third offense apply but with the addition of a mandatory medical evaluation
What do both the Breathanalyzer and Intoxilyzer use to detect and measure the blood alcohol level in the breath? (1p)
The known ration of blood alcohol to alveolar air alcohol (2100:1)
What is the ratio of saliva alcohol to blood alcohol levels? (1p)
Saliva alcohol levels and blood alcohol levels are 1:1 in ratio
What absorbances does the intoxylizer measure before and after each breath test? What are these called? (2p)
The instrument collects an "air blank", in which the pump draws air through the breath tube to measure the absorbance at 3.4um and 9.0um
What is the purpose of "air blanks"? (2p)
1. The air blank drawn prior to the breath test is used to determine if there is any alcohol in the ambient air surrounding the instrument that may interfere with the breath measurement
2. The air blank drawn after a breath test is to purge the alcohol-laden air from the sample chamber
How must a breath sample be obtained and how much is necessary? (2p)
he breath sample must be provided with sufficient force and duration so that the machine's tone continues until a sample volume of roughly 2-3L is obtained
What is a "zero BAC"? (1p)
A zero BAC is the nreathe sample used prior to the intake of alcohol
What is a "zero BAC"? (1p)
A zero BAC is the nreathe sample used prior to the intake of alcohol
How does the mouth alcohol effect dissipate? (1p)
The MAE decreases as the ethanol in the mouth evaporates during the breath sampling
What are two types of substances that may interfere with the 2-min saliva test for blood alcohol using the Alco-screen? (2p) Give examples for each (7+p)
1. Agents that enhance colour development - peroxides and strong oxidizers
2. Agents that inhibit colour development - reducing agents (ascorbic acid, tannic acid, pyrogallol, mercaptans and tosylates), Bilirubin, L-dopa, L-methyldopa, and Methampyrone
What are some limitations to using the Alco-screen? (5p)
1. Mouth must be free of food, drink, or other materials 15min prior to the test to ensure that the sample is not contaminated
2. Must be at 2min to be accurate, as waiting longer may result in erroneous results of false posiives
3. Colour chart only applies accurately when the ethanol is in saliva, though it will react as long as alcohol is present
4. Alco-screen is highly sensitive to the presence of alcohol, so it may pick up alcohol vapors in the air from even household products such as disinfectants, deodorizers, and glass cleaners
5. Qualitative results only
What does an Alco-screen test which is light green-grey after 2min indicate? A test which is dark blue-grey? (2p)
What if it is an even lighter green? No change? Only the edges are coloured? (3p)
1. A light green-grey colour indicates a BAC of about 0.02%
2. A dark blue grey colour indicates a BAC of about 0.30%
3. Still positive BAC but less than 0.02%
4. No BAC detected
5. The test must be redone, but if the reuslts are the same, then it may be inferred that no BAC has been detected
