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Cartes-fiches
Cells are grown in a nutrient _________ in bioreactors
medium
enclose in something as if in a capsule
encapsulate
lasting only for a short time
transiert
a minute opening in the surface of an organism
pore
clear/easily understood
obvious
prevent something from moving or operating as normal
immobilize / immobilise
a substance or mixture used in chemical reactions
reagent
produce or discharge (from a cell)
secrete
the liquid above a solid or residue after a process such as centrifugation
supernatant
not obstructed or interfered with
unhindered
cause something to function less effectively
compromise
at the forefront of people or things in a field of activity
cutting edge
("A cutting-edge technology …")
to try to stop something unpleasant or harmful from happening or increasing
to combat something
("… that could potentially combat drug addiction …")
leiten
to lead a research team (lead-led-led)
("A research team led by Lüscher …")
to cause to be free of a disease or unhealthy condition
to cure
("… how the addicted animal might be cured …")
the use of an agent, such as a drug, to cure a disease or condition
treatment
("opening the door for a treatment for …")
to adjust to a requirement
(NB. kontrollieren = to monitor)
to control something
("The activity of neurons can be controlled …")
a set of tools (or techniques) in a single container
toolkit
("Optogenetics might be considered as a toolkit …")
a realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility (also "a proof of concept)
a proof of principle
("The study is a proof of principle that addiction is a reversible disease.")
to modify or alter again
to readapt
("… the brain’s capacity to readapt")
note the spelling of effect (noun)/to affect (verb)
effect / to affect something
("Cocaine’s effects can be reversed …")
the method of procedure for a scientific experiment
protocol
("Cocaine’s effects can be reversed by following specific protocols.")
affecting of relating to a thing
applicable
"Are the results applicable for other drugs?"
cause a particular condition
induce
("They essentially induce the same disease")
to be brought about by
to be mediated by
("addiction is mediated by an increase in …")
to come together from different directions
to converge
("these drugs converge to increase dopamine levels")
to obtain from a sources
to derive from something
("a protein derived from green algae")
to be capable of being imagined
to be conceivable
("It is conceivable that …")
to work on a piece of research that will be difficult or take a long time
to undertake a study
("The studies we have undertaken on addiction…")
to make a plan to show how someone will design, build or achieve something
to create a blueprint
("The studies may be extended to help create blueprints …")
to signal = to cause an effect in (a cell) by the release of a chemical, such as a neurotransmitter
a signalling chemical
("Dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter - a signalling chemical released by nerve cells.")
can be bent (in this context)
flexible
a small problem of fault that prevents something from being successful or working as well as it should
glitch
(of characteristics or diseases) passed from the genes of a parent to a child
hereditary
something (or someone) that is indispensable is so good or important that you cannot manage without it
indispensable
the ability to see when it is dark
night vision
the outer edge of an area
periphery
the consideration of every part of something to make certain it is correct or safe
rigorous
clever in a complicated way and therefore able to do complicated tasks
sophisticated
able to be easily influenced or harmed by something
susceptibility to something
