Englisch II

Self-fulfilment is on top on Maslow’s ‘hierarchy of needs’, meaning that everybody wants to achieve, to develop to his or her fullest potential.

Self-esteem encompasses recognition and acknowledgement from others as well as a sense of status or importance.

Management by objectives [MBO] calls on managers to work with employees to formulate clear, ambitious but achievable goals. There has to be monitoring and measurement to ensure objectives are being met, and workers who achieve their objectives can be rewarded with pay rises, bonuses etc.

Active listening means listening with full attention, not interrupting except to ask for clarification, and giving consideration to the other person’s point of view.

Assertiveness means stating your needs and opinions confidently and clearly, without on the one hand being indirect or ‘suffering in silence’, or on the other being aggressive and rude.

‘Head’ people are good at thinking and problem-solving. (Innovator, evaluator, specialist)

‘Hands people’ are good at doing and acting. (Implementer, shaper, finisher)

‘Heart’ people are good at networking and resolving conflicts. (Coordinator team worker, promoter)

Morale are the confidence and positive feelings that people have, especially people who work together.

Empowerment means giving the employees the authority to make decisions without traditional managerial approval.

Job enrichment states that there are five characteristics – skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, feedback – affecting an individual’s motivation and performance. Job enrichment maximises these five factors within the constraints of the organisation. It also includes job enlargement and job rotation.

Job enlargement combines a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment.

Job enrichment moves employees from one job to another.