Englisch Grammatik Grundlagen

auxiliary verb be and the -ing

I am relaxing. You are relaxing. He/She is relaxing

> action in progress at the present moment - I can't speak to you, i'm washing  my hair.

> actions happening around now, -I'm reading tThe Lord of the Rings

> habitual actions. - I usally get up at 7.30

>actions and situations that are generally true- Liz plays in the school basketball team.

>Facts wich are always true. - The sun rises in the east

present simple

Permanent

habits and routines

facts that are always true

general situations

temporary

in progress now

events happening at the moment 

a particular situation

will, be going or by using present tenses

infinitiv  - the negative -> won't

Special: Shall i open the window?

futur beliefs, opinions, hopes and predictions.

- Perhaps it'ill rain tomorrow

be + going + the infinitive

Jean is going to learn to drive

for plans and intentions. in the near future, or more distant.

I'm going to do lots of work this evening

After I finish University I'm going to travel all over Europe by InterRail

to talk about things we have arranged to do, in particular social  arrangements and appointments. 

Are you doing anything on Friday evening? - Not really, why? I'm having a party. would you like to come?

• Wenn aber ein starker Beweis vorliegt wird going to verwendet.

             -> i think it's going to rain this afternoon.

• Going to kann aber darauf hinweisen, dass die Details noch nicht Final gesetzt sind - es ist immer noch ein Plan. -> Present continous kann darauf hinweisen das die Verabredung konkreter ist, mit Zeit und Ort.

-> Jean is going to have another driving lesson soon.

-> Jean is having her driving lesson this afternoon. 

... ed -> it happend very quickly

• Für abgeschlossenes -> i knew what the problem was; we went to the Theatre on Friday

Be + ing-Form -> 

•  she was playing / we were playing
• Question:  was he playing / were you playing

• In the middle of a period -> it was raining at three o'clock
• Action went on for the whole period -> We were working all afternoon

• P Continuous wird mit einer Aktion verwendet. Man benutzt es normalerweise nicht für "state Verbs". Für diese benutzt man das past simple (i didn't know where you were. Not I wasn't knowing….)

Past Continuous

We use the past continuous for an action that we were in the middle of.-> We were driving home.

Wir benutzen das Past Continuous normallerweise nicht für  Zustände (states) -> Not -> the spaceship was seeming…

Past Simple

Wir benutzen das Past Simple für eine "Komplette Aktion" in der Vergangenheit. -> we drove home.

Wir benutzen auch das PS für Zustände (states). -> the spaceship seemed quite big.

Beide Zusammen

Wenn eine kürzere Situation auf eine Längere folgt -> While Laura was sitting in the garden, it suddenly began to rain.

Past Continuous kommt nach as, while, when (As we were driving)

Wir benutzen 2 Past Simple für eine Aktion nach der anderen -> when we saw the spaceship we stopped the car

Extra:

Wir benutzen Past Continuous um ein Hintergrund zu beschreiben -> the sund was shining

Wir benutzen Past Simple um eine Aktion in der Vergangenheit zu beschreiben. -> we arrived at the beach.

Present tense vom Hilfsverb have & past participle (third column in verb tables) -> i have decided to leave tomorrow (regular). - She has written the eimal to Lucy. (irrgeluar)

• Fragen: vertauschen von subject & have. - Have you decided yet?
• Negatives: not & contraction are used   - She has not written the email./ She hasn't written the email

• Vergangene Events welche in die Gegenwart verbunden sind. Es gibt aber viele andere Anwendungen.
• Erfahrungen in unserem Leben bis zum jetzigem Zeitpunk: Have you visited any other countries? Yes, i've been to France.
• Ein Event in der Vergangenheit das im Jetzt ein Resultat hat. ->  Helen has broken her pencil.
• Eine Situation welche in der Vergangenheit begann und bis heute weitergeht. - I've lived here for ten years