En Lit
Exam
Exam
Fichier Détails
Cartes-fiches | 33 |
---|---|
Langue | English |
Catégorie | Littérature |
Niveau | Université |
Crée / Actualisé | 25.05.2015 / 25.05.2015 |
Lien de web |
https://card2brain.ch/box/en_lit
|
Intégrer |
<iframe src="https://card2brain.ch/box/en_lit/embed" width="780" height="150" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe>
|
Créer ou copier des fichiers d'apprentissage
Avec un upgrade tu peux créer ou copier des fichiers d'apprentissage sans limite et utiliser de nombreuses fonctions supplémentaires.
Connecte-toi pour voir toutes les cartes.
Post-war writing; Absurd
Theatre of the absurd: cosmos is irrational, world order is unintelligible, humans are asocial, incapable of heroism
Man is a stranger, in exile. There is no God. Man is lonely and is confronted by a vast emptiness
Samuel Beckett Waiting for Godot portrays the obsession with human isolation
One is what one is
it is about human freedom and personal responsibility
3 different schools:
- you can't know what is happening to you but you have to commit
- we are thrown into the world and have to make choices
- birth is not your choice but everything else is
The conversation and the action do not make any progress, as if the characters talk just to keep an impression that they are living.
You gotta do something
Painting: night hawks (Topper): urban lonelyness, diner like a glass cage, isolated looks, noone looks at each other, couple's noses look like beaks of hawks
Ellison The invisible man
About how it is to be black in America
The protagonist is looking for himself
The story told from the 1st person, no name
The Absurd in American novel: Catch 22
Absurd of war and stupidity of military
Catch 22 is a rule in the military which turns everything into the opposite
All ideals of war become absurd: patriotism, nationalism
Movie The rebel without a cause: troubled teenager, chicken run - lost generation 1955
The Beat Generation
1950s
Escape by taking drugs and travelling to India
Anti-establishment, anti-political, anti-intellectual (but not really)
Kerouac On the road, wild parties, drugs, women, jazz
Pop art (Warhall, Lichtenstein)
The Hippies
pacifist cult of piece and love
Context: murder of JF Kennedy, M L King, Vietnam wars
Katharsis
Purification of emotion, like fear or pity. It results in restoration and renewal
Hubris
Overweening pride, protagonist must be punished for his sin
Soliloquy
The actor is in the middle of the stage and he thinks aloud, reveals his thoughts to the audience, thus the audience understands the conflict (invention of psychology)
Mimetic faculty
Faculty of imitation, pretend, play theatre, children enjoy doing it
Tragos
Goat
suffering of the character, catharsis
Stoicism
Free will
Destructive emotions result from misjudgement. Intellectuals will not suffer from such emotions
Pageant
Religiuos procession, often with narrative structure, a part of medeval seasonal festivals
Allegory
An extended metaphor
A literary device that conveys hidden meanings through symbolic figures, actions
Blankverse
iambic pentameters, unrhymed verse
Postcolonial Literature in English
- Painting town red (multicultural London)
- R. Kipling: The ballad of East and West
A poem, he is pessimist, literature is an ideological instrument
Sees London as civilization, centre, standard, canon
Sees India as primitiv, sub-standard
- The US: Calving getting into trouble at school
C. makes fun about pledge to the flag
- Africa
Chinua Achebe Dead man's path: shows what happens when you are not culturally sensitive, different cultures should live next to each other
Origins of drama
Mimetic faculty: imitation, pretend
Fertility rites: ritual, sacrifice a goat
Tragedy: tragos - goat, tragoidia - fertility dance
Comedy: comos - loud festivity
In the beginning: no clear distinction between comedy and tragedy, only in the Renaissance tragedy got a sad end and comedy a happy end
Drama before Shakespeare: the three M's
Miracle Plays: medeval England, church was against theatre. Later the church started using plays for the services because many people did not understand Latin. Those plays explained the miracles in the bible. They were performed on the churchyards
Mystery plays: performed by guild on peagants and showed scenes from the bible. Connection between craft and religion (bakers performed Last Supper)
Morality plays: 15/16 cent.: Moral lessons by means of allegory. Religion and personal conflict (Anymal farm)
Elisabethan Era (Golden Age of E litarature)
E (1558 - 1603)
E liked drama, England was a World power.
Thomas Kyd The Spanish tragedy
Christopher Marlowe Doctor Faustus (popularised the style that Shakespeare used later)
Invention of blank verse: iambic pentameters
William Shakespeare: invented words, thetre set outside, people smelled, ate and threw food at those actors who they didn't like
Macbeth (1606): the shortest play, three witches (like in Greek theatre), soliloquy: inner conflict, weekness vs. greed. Typical shakesperean character: he doesn't know wheter to act.
The gunpowder plot: propaganda
Romantisism
1798 - 1850
Writing in the language of people
Fiction
Emotional matter in imaginative form
Absurd turms for normal words
Focus on individual and their feelings
Early Rom Poets: Burns, Blake (1770-1850)
The Lake poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey (1800-1850)
Dying young: Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, John Keats (1798 - 1850)
The Lake poets
Wordsworth: not religious in the common way, God=Nature, individual must be able to experience God personally. Poetry: spontaneous overflow of feelings, used for men - use of normal language
Elevated position of the poet, golden flowers, eternity, everything will pass, nature
Chiastic structure: beginning in end are the same
Coleridge: interest in everything mystical
The Rime of an ancient mariner: a man mustn't kill the creatures, political freedom
The picture Lonely Tower:
owl - freedom
poet is elevated in the tower
people are down, the listeners
the ruins: savage is closer to nature
Dying young
Poet is a prophet, writing is a vocation
Percy Shelley: To a Skylark, the poet is elevated, he wants to learn to sing beautifully, was atheist and traveller
John Keats: Poetry should come naturally
Ode to Nightingale: closeness to nature, beautiful songs, beauty of nature and life not so beautiful
The sublime is a key word
Romantics: tourists, Alps, Switzerland, fascinated with science and progress, a lot of experimenting with anymals, electricity
Mary Shelley Frankenstein: science is not enough, it shouldn't be misused
reference to Paradise Lost (Adam, creation of God, not happy)
Hubris: Frankensteil is a tragic hero, thinks he can create life, must be punished for it
Children's literature
1693: John Locke: children are tabula rasa, inscribe, educate
1762: Jean-Jaques Rousseau: Emile: nature wants children to be children before men, children need literature written for them
paintings of children: little adults vs children
Robert Sothey (Lake poets) The three bears
Lewis Carrol: founder of the English nonsense tradition
Louise May Alcott: Little women propaganda for girls, preparing them for their future role
For boys:
Henty: The coral island
Stewenson: Treasure island
Short story
Limited number of characters
In media res
Minimum of exposition
quick solution
A Canary for one: omnicsient narrator, foreshadows,
Narrator
Third person narrator:
- Omniscient narrator (present everywhere, may sound like an author)
- Limited point of view
- Camera eye: effaced narrator, objective, dramatic
Second person narrator
- The reader is addressed directly
First person narrator
- subjective (moved by thoughts and feelings)
- objective (reports, but no feelings)
- observer
Point of view
The way the author presents the actions of the story or the way in which the reader is presented the materials of the story
The Victorian Age
1837 - 1901
Counter movement to Rom
Age of change: industries, photography was beginning, painting were trying to be as close to reality as possible
Urbanization, machine, high birth rate, jobless people, poverty, class tentions
1837-1850 Transition
1850-1870 Victoria's Heyday - stability and prosperity
1870-1901 - economic stagnation
Age of novel
London Fog - steam and smog from trains -> setting in a lot of novels of that time (Dickens)
Women tried to get equality (suffragettes), Britain against slave trade
Entertainment: alcohol (unhappiness), a rat pit, prostitution (Queen Victoria was the model mother of the Empire -all covered, too much moral)
Charles Darwyn
Machines (child labour)
Karl Marx Das Kapital
Pictures by JMW Turner: old ship is broken, the new one with engine is coming in - it's a new age, also iron bridges that replace beautiful landscapes
The novel in Victorian Age
Education more widespread - reading as entertainment
the rotary press
Journals, magazines: novels in installments, cliff hangers
Libraries emerged
Thomas Hardy A pair of blue eyes
Wrote a lot of poetry and novels, pessimist, all turns out bad,
E. Bronte Wuthering Heights (a passionate family living in WH, exposed to the storms, and a mild family living in a sheltered area - the story about passion and reason) B. wrote under a pseudonym, women were not supposed to write back then
Charles Dickens David Copperfield
Bestselling author, lots of money, went on tours. This novel of a semi-orphan making it in life, autobiographical
Colonialism
Joseph Conrad (1857 - 1924)
worked on river Congo, took a lot of stories from there, famous for his complicated characters
Alice Munroe A wilderness station
The story written in letters and other documents, the true story doesn't reach the person, cause she is dead
The commom ground between the 2 stories: Wilderness (Africa, Canada), gradual rise of tension, triangles (characters), conflict between 2 men -> murder, steamer
Differences: Place and neighbours (hostile natives and friendly family), a suicide vs living in wealth but with bad consciosness , Topic (race vs gender), critisism of colonialism vs critisim of patriachal system, traditional narrative vs letters
The legend of spring-heeled Jack: cartoon about a superhero, catching criminals
The modernist Age
1890 - 1941
Rejection of tradition, artist movement of renewal
Picasso: art is no longer reality, but perception
Psychology: dismantling the individual
Artists refer back to mythology
Avant-garde: groups of artist who renew, first separated in different cities, like Zurcih, Paris
Dadaism: Zurich, 1916, playing with language, nihilistic ideas
Modernism authors
William Butler Yeats, The lake of Innisfree: nature, late romantic poem
Irish revolution, Russian rev, WWI
Poem The second coming: about how things fall apart, as a result of all the wars and revolutions, pessimistic view of the future. It's not God who comes to save everyone, but a beast
Painting and book the golden bough: about development of a society. S. first believes in magic, then in religion and at last in sciense.
Joseph Conrad Heart of darkness: Journey to Africa, into its heart. Psychological analysis in this book, psychology was becoming popular, movie Apocalypse now (adoptation of the book, a bit differnt context)
Freud: tried to divide the individual into different forms, writers were fascinated with this idea
Joyce Ulisses: psychology again, and the idea, that contemporary history is anarchy.Stream-of-concsciosness-technique (while talking or writing, mentioning other things you notice)
Painting Marching men: faceless soldiers marching to the war
Wilfred Owen Sweet and honourable: famous war poet, was killed in 1918, tells about cruelty of war, the poem is about gas attack when sbd doesn't have time to put on their mask
Gertrude Stein, lived in Paris, had a house where artists met, was lesbian, lived openely with a woman
William Faulkner The sound and the fury: connection to Macbeth, the title is based on that, the writer of the american south, the 3 parts of the novel are told by 3 brothers, one idiot, second too sensitive and kills himself and the 3rd just a bad person
-
- 1 / 33
-