DEH 103: Histology & Embryology
Chapter 1: Oral Histology and Embryology
Chapter 1: Oral Histology and Embryology
Kartei Details
| Karten | 79 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Medizin |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 31.12.2013 / 31.12.2013 |
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What is the junction called that holds cells together?
Desmosomes
What is the junction called that holds cells to a non-cellular surface like a tooth?
Hemi-desmosome
What is the cell division called when 2 exact daughter cells are produced?
Mitosis
What are the 5 phases of cell division in mitosis?
HINT: IPMAT
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anphase
- Telophase
What is it called when germ cells fuse causing a reduction by 1/2 of their chromosomes?
Meiosis
What are the 3 phases of pregnancy? Which phase is the embryo most susceptible?
- Proliferative
- Embyonic
- Fetal
- Embryonic is most crucial
What weeks of gestation is the embryonic period?
3-8th weeks
What arhe the 3 layers of the embryonic sac?
- Endodermal
- Ectodermal
- Mesodermal
What are the 3 layers responsible for producing?
- Endodermal: GI tract
- Ectodermal: brain, spinal cord
- Mesodermal: blood, muscles, skin
Name the 4 types of tissue groups.
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
- Epithelial
What tissue DOES NOT contain blood vessels and must rely on the dermis for tis supply?
Epithelial tissue
Which tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body?
Connective tissue
Which tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body?
Connective tissue
What are the cells called that can differentiate into various forms of connective tissue cells?
Mesenchymal cells
In cartilage development, what is the difference between appositional growth and interstitial growth?
- Appositional is layered on the outside after injury or repair
- Interstitial is deep within the bone during formation
This is the study of structure and function of cells and thier tissues. It is stuided at a microscopic level.
Histology
Cells may vary in size, shape, and functions; but what do all cells have in common?
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
The cell nucleus is found in all cells except?
- Mature red blood cells
- Blood platelets
The nucleolus/nucleoli is located within the nucleus and (has / does not have) a limiting membrane.
Has
What is the function of the cell cytoplasm?
- Contains structures necessary for absorption and creation of cell products
- Site where most cellular activity occurs
What are the 3 components of the cell cytoplasm?
- Cytosol: fluid portion. Uses materials brought into the cell for energy and excretes waste products
- Organelles: metabolic mechinery for the cell
- Solutes: chemicals that may or may not be present depending on the cell type
What are the 4 membranous organelles?
- Mitochondria
- Lysosomes
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
What are the 2 non-membranous organelles?
- Centioles
- Ribosomes
The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the nucleus. There are 2 types what are they and what is its function?
- Rough & Smooth
- It contains newly acquired and synthesized proteins
The rough ER is studded with ribosomes. What is its function?
- Ribosomes manufacture all proteins secreted from cells.
- The cell membrane is manufactured here
- Enzymes needed to catalyze lipid synthesis are located here
The smooth ER consist of tubules arranged in looping networks. What is its function?
- Plays NO role in protein synthesis
- Involved in lipid metabolism and cholesterol synthesis
- Synthesis of sex hormones
- Absorption, synthesis, and transportation of fats
- Detoxification of drugs, certain pesticides, and carcinogens
- Breakdown of stored glycogen to form free glucose
What is the function of a ribosome?
The translator of genetic codes from mRNA into proteins
The Golgi apparatus is attached to the ER. What is its function?
- Helps sort, condense, package, and deliver the proteins made by the ER
- Helps in digestive activity
A lysosome is a product of the _____. What does it contain and which cells have a lot of them?
- Golgi apparatus
- Contains digestive enzymes (acidic hydrolases)
- Phagocytes have the most of them
What is the function of lysosomes?
- Demolision crew
- Digest particles taken in (bacteria, viruses, toxins)
- Degrade worn-out or nonfunction cell parts
- Glycogen brakedown and release
- Break-down non-useful tissues (i.e. webbing between the toes and fingers of a developing fetus)
- Break-down and release calcium ions into the blood stream
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