population
the full set of cases about which we want to generalize
parameter
a characteristic of the population, usually unknown
sample
a subset of the population
statistic
a characteristic of the sample, usually known
descriptive statistics
numbers that summarise the distribution of values of a variable across a sample
inferential statistics
the use of statistics to make inferences about a larger population based on data collected from a sample
frequencies
the listing of possible values of a variable, together with the number of observations for these values
mode
most frequent value
-> can be more than one, need not be near centre, can't be an outlier by definition