DA Chair-Side Week 3

- allow dentist to manually remove decay & cavity smoothing preparations. 

*Most common is the spoon excavator

- used to place, condense, and carve restorative materials to reflect normal anatomy of the tooth.

- used to carry and pack amalgam in the prepared tooth

- used to condense material into the tooth such as amalgam or composit 

- is used to smooth surface of a restoration-common types include ball, football, acorn and T-ball burnishers

- are used to remove excess material, contour surfaces, and carve anatomy before material hardens.

*Discoid-cleoid (carving instrument) is often used for carving of amalgam on the occlusal surface

- has one end resembling a paddle for carrying material to prepared tooth and the other end resembles a condenser

- used to mix cements, liners, and bases

- carbon paper used to check a patient’s “bite” once a restoration is complete.

*mark from paper must appear evenly on occlusal surface of tooth, not on the restoration itself.

-  where newly mixed amalgam is placed, then picked up and carried to prepared tooth

- known as critical instruments and generally ARE NOT put in the ultrasonic machine. 

- used for removal of soft decay, finishing and polishing of restorations, coronal polishing, porcelain adjustments. 

*In the lab, low speeds are used for trimming of temporary crowns, trimming and relining dentures and partials.

-  for removal of decay, removal of old/faulty restoration, reduction in the crown in preparation for crown or bridge, and preparation for new restoration

- primarily used to remove calculus under the gums and uses water & vibrations to create pulsating effect on tooth

•The term bur is applied to all rotary instruments that have a sharp cutting edge. •Burs are used for: preparing the tooth, removing decay, finishing restorations, drilling out old restorations, finishing crown preparations. •Burs are made of tungsten carbide •There are cutting, finishing, and diamond burs. •Laboratory burs are usually bigger than cutting burs and are used on the slow speed handpiece.  *The acrylic bur is the most common lab bur used.

- aka decay, is a transmissible bacterial infection.

*Two groups of bacteria are responsible for decay: Mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB)

Occurs when there is recession in the gums, particularly in elderly people, and the root is exposed

- occurs between the tooth and the margin of a restoration. Radiographs are needed to determine these caries

- colorless, soft, sticky coating that adheres to the teeth- *MS and LB live and multiply within the plaque

- mineral ions can be either removed or restored from dental enamal. •DEMINERALIZATION-Loss of mineral from the tooth •REMINERALIZATION-Replacement of minerals in the tooth

•Infectious process that involves inflammation of the periodontium (structures that surround, support, and are attached to the teeth)

- inflammation of the gingival tissue aka gums. The gingiva appears red and swollen and easily bleeds. *Gingivitis can be reversed with proper oral hygiene

- aka tartar, is a hard stonelike material that attaches to the tooth surface

- inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth.

*Result of untreated gingivitis.

*leads to bone loss which leads to loose teeth.  *Periodontitis CANNOT be reversed.

• when first tooth appears, parents can begin brushing  •A child should NEVER be put to bed with a bottle (baby bottle decay), or sippy cup unless it has only water. •Child should visit the dentist by the first birthday

-  thin plastic coating applied to the occlusal pits & grooves of teeth. 

* Protects grooves from bacteria that cause decay.

* slows demineralization controlling the caries process.  

- Systemic fluoride is ingested in water, food or supplements. 

-Topical fluoride is applied in direct contact with the teeth using varnishes, foam, gel or fluoridated toothpaste.

* SODIUM FLUORIDE (2%) is the most commonly used fluoride in the dental office

•MODIFIED BASS METHOD (ROLLING STROKES)  the most common method taught to patients. Bristles are placed 45 degree angle to the tooth and brush is moved in a circle over the surfaces of the teeth. •Teeth should be brushed twice a day for at least 2 minutes and flossing should be done at night (more during the day after meals if possible) •Flossing should be done BEFORE brushing to remove debris from in between the teeth (interproximal)