Clinical Neuroscience - Parkinson

Inhalte wichtiger Krankheitsbilder der Neurowissenschaften - Parkinson

0.0 (0)

T. F.

Lernen

T. F.

Über diese Lernkartei

This flashcard set covers university-level clinical neuroscience, focusing on Parkinson's syndrome. It delves into the causes, symptoms, and treatment of Parkinson's, including the role of dopamine, the use of drugs like L-DOPA and dopamine agonists, and surgical interventions such as deep brain stimulation. The set also explores diagnostic tools, differential diagnoses, and the epidemiology of Parkinson's. Medical students and professionals will find this flashcard set invaluable for understanding the complexities of Parkinson's disease and its management.

Karten

Lernende

Sprache

Englisch

Kategorie

Medizin

Stufe

Universität

Erstellt / Aktualisiert

16.05.2014 / 06.08.2025

Ähnliche Karteien

Cartes-fiches

What are the cardinal symptoms of Parkinsonian syndrome (=Parkinson)?

Akinesia (essential) = slowing down of movements

rigidity (optional)

tremor (optional)

postural instability (optional) = disturbance leading to balance deficits

sensory, autonomic, psychiatric or cognitive symptomes (further)

Epidemiology - Which are the most important risk factors?

familial risk

rural environment

toxins

age (most important)

smoking and coffee consumption

Name the 4 main classifications of Parkinson.

idiopathic: Morbus Parkinson

familial (rare)

symptomatic (vascular dementia)

other Parkinson syndromes: atypical or dementia with Lewy bodies

acute

What are the remarking signs of Parkinson neuropathology?

Lewy body inclusion (alpha-synuclein)

degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN)

disturbed basal ganglia regulation

increased inhibitory D2 neurons in striatum affecting cortex-cortex circuit (low tonic frequency)

amyloid plaque

The ascending pathology of Parkinson is linked to the depostion of alpha-synuclein. Name the ascending pathway of depostion.

first: brain stem

first: cerebellum

second: midbrain (=basal ganglia)

third: whole cortex

second: striatum

What are the early symptoms of Parkinson?

hyposmia (inability to detect smell/odor)

constipation (infrequent bowel movement)

REM sleep disorders (= reflecting pathology of brain-stem)

akinesia

What is needed for a certain diagnose of Parkinson?

Akinesia (inclusion criteria)

rigidity OR tremor OR postural instability

clear response to Levodopa

no signs for atypiacal snydromes

no sign of asymmetric symptoms

Name the most common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson.

sleep-wake disturbance (100% prevalence)

depression (90% prevalence and 1/3 of all patients are affected)

impulse control disorders (hypersexuality or binge eating) (up to 70%)

psychotic symptomes (8-40%)

dementia (>20%), dysautonomia, dysesthesia (abnormal sense of touch)

Name the 4 diagnostic steps.

step1: diagnosis of Parkinson syndrome

step2: no signs of symptomatic Parkinson syndrome

step3: no signs of atypical Parkinson syndrome

step4: no signs of symptomatic Parkinson syndrome

step4: supportive criteria for idiopathic Parkinson's disease

Which instruments are used to diagnose Parkinson syndrome?

levodopa challenge test

functional imaging of decarboxylase, dopamine receptor & transporter = PET / SPECT

basal ganglia sonography

MRI

Name possible differential diagnoses of Parkinson syndrome.

MSA (multiple system atrophy); MRI: malteser cross

PSP (progressive supranuclear palsy); MRI: colibri or Mickey Mouse

CBS (corticobasal degeneration)

dementia with Lewy bodies!

MRSA

There is a certain age upon which treatment of Parkinson with drugs is changed in terms of the applicated drug. Where is this age limit and which drugs are used before and after the age limit? Why is that?

age limit = 70years

Before age of 70: treatment with dopamine agonist

After age of 70: treatment with dopamine agonist

After age of 70: treatment with L-dopa

Reason: onset of comorbidities and more severe side effects of levodopa.

Levodopa causes side effects in treatment of Parkinson syndrome. What is true about the treatment process with levodopa?

Phase 1 (Honey moon): L-DOPA is in the desired therapeutic range

Phase 2 (motor fluctuations begin): hyperkinesia

Phase 3: on-off fluctuations and dyskinesia

L-DOPA treatment leads not to Dyskinesia (involuntary muscle movements)

Hyperkinesia = increase in muscular activity that can result in excessive abnormal movements

What is true about the drug L-DOPA?

dopamine itself does not pass the blood brain barrier

L-DOPA is a precursor of dopamine able to pass the BBB

DOPA-Decarboxylase (DDC) converts L-DOPA into dopamine

L-DOPA is injected together with a peripheral and a COMT inhibitor

coinjection does not increase bioavailability in the CNS

What is true about other drugs in Parkinson treatment?
Agonist = chemical that binds to a recptor and activating it in the same manner as biological signal molecule.

Dopamine agonist (Ropinirol) lowers risk of motor fluctuations

Dopamine agonist (Ropinirol) can be applied transdermal

Dopamine agonist (Ropinirol) shows more severe side effects such as edema and fibrosis

Rasagalin prevents dopamine metabolization in basal ganglia (MAO-inhibitor)

Ropinirol does not bind selective to dopamine receptors

Deep brain stimulation is used in Parkinson surgery. What is true about the surgery

it is reversible, without lesions and it is modulating activity

used with motor fluctuations (if L-DOPA is not effective)

U.S.: globus pallidus (GPi) is targeted

Europe: subthamlamic nucleus (STN) is targeted

STN does not need more aftercare then GPi

Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders - what is true?

defined by tremor

tremor can be involuntary, rythmic or oscillating

essential tremor and mid-brain tremor are forms of HMD

chorea and dystonia are forms of HMD

affect the whole body not only one body parts

Étudier

Clinical Neuroscience - Parkinson

Lernkarteien erstellen oder kopieren

Cartes-fiches

Veuillez vous connecter

Google

Apple ID

Microsoft

Switch edu-ID

Edulog

Google

Apple ID

Microsoft

Switch edu-ID

Edulog