Clinical Neuroscience - Neuropsychology

Wichtige Krankheitsbilder der Neurowissenschaften - Neuropsychology

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This flashcard set delves into advanced university-level clinical neuroscience, focusing on neuropsychological disorders like aphasia, neglect, and apraxia. It explores symptoms, types, and modalities, such as speech disturbances, spatial neglect, and motor planning deficits. Medical students and professionals will benefit from understanding these complex conditions to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies.

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Langue

Anglais

Catégorie

Médecine

Niveau

Université

Créé / Mis à jour

19.05.2014 / 14.06.2023

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Which neuropsychologic disorders are of significance?

frontal lobe syndromes

language associated disturbances

disorders of space exploration

visual agnosias

depression

Which are the most important language-associated disorders?

APHASIA: disturbance of the comprehension (Verstehen) and formation of language

ALEXIA: disturbance to understand written words

APRAXIA: inability to execute purposeful movements

AKENISIA: decreased bodily movement

Etiology of APHASIA: most common is a ischamic infarction of the left MCA region (98% of all right-handed patients).
Name the 4 types of Aphasia.

Broca Aphasia

Wernicke Aphasia

Global Aphasia

Amnestic Aphasia

Robert Aphasia

What type of aphasia is the Broca Aphasia?

Motor aphasia

What are the symptoms of Broca Aphasia?

spontaneous speech but non-fluent (agrammatic)

What type of aphasia is the Wernicke aphasia?

sensory aphasia

What is the major symptom of Wernicke aphasia?

jargon and neologism (fluent and spontaneous speech)

Are patients with Wernicke aphasia aware of there deficit?

No (this is called anognosia)

What is the main symptom of global aphasia?

speech only in phrases (poor prognosis)

What is the major symptom of amenstic aphasia?

characterized by circumscriptions in speech (fluent and spontaneous speech)

ALEXIA is a acquired central deficit of reading. Name the 3 types of ALEXIA.

total ALEXIA: no reading at all

anterior ALEXIA: spared understanding

pure ALEXIA: no information flow from visual association to areas of anterior LH

hyperverbalisation is a overcomprehension of LH

What is true about APRAXIA?

acquired deficit in planning motor sequences

acquired deficit in imaging the use of an instrument

typical disconnection syndrome: inferior parietal to motor association cortex

it is a sensory/motor deficit

intact visuo-motor constriction

What is true about HEMISPATIAL Neglect?

failure to report/respond/orient to stimuli presented to the side opposite a brain lesion

it is not a sensory or motor deficit

visual potential is normal

neglect may affect imagined space/auditory and tactile modality

is the same as HEMIANOPIA (decreased vision/blindness of half visual field)

NEGLECT: Midline experiment. What is true about it?

neglect: midline shifts into the middle of the right side

left side less acurately perceived?

failure of moving to the left? (hypokinesia)

sensory or motor component are equally involved

disentangling sensory and motor components

Somatosensory modality of neglect is studied by "tactile stimulation" of the hands (after right parietal lesions). What is true? (paradigm: neglect is studied towards a reference frame)

simultaneous tactile stimulation of right & left hand: left-sided stimulus goes unrecognized

unilateral tactile stimulation of left hand: well recognized

extinction on (healthy) right hand with pronation/supination

extinguished is, what is closer to the right side of one's body/space

extinguished is, what is closer to the left side of one's body/space

Visual modality: Neglect is studied towards the reaction time of a stimulus. What is true?

x = stimulus in the (healthy right visual field)

xg is faster recognized then gx

gx is faster recognized then xg

RT for xg is twice as long

RT for gx is twice as long

What is this?

Space-based neglect

What is this?

Object-centered neglect

Neglect: what happens in judgement of chimeric stimuli?

majority: upper face is judged happier

patients with left-sided neglect: lower face is judged happier

majority: lower face is judged happier

patients with left-sided neglect: upper face is judged happier

Neglect is also a disengagement deficit, meaning that hyperattention to the right side is involved in neglect but not hypoattention of the left side. What is true about hemispatial neglect and imagined space?

neglect might also manifest in imagined space

left in physical space is not equivalent to imagined left space

classic method of assessment: Milano-test (describe scene from memory)

problem: influenced by semantic information, reliance on symmetry,...

experiment can be generalized across patients and labs

Number line bisection: "What number is halfway between 1 and 9?"
What is true?

patients with neglect: midpoint shift toward larger number ("7")

healthy subjects: error toward smaller number

massiv leftward shift: patients with schizophrenia

patients with neglect: leftward corrections on mental number is possible but transient

line is presented in experiment

Study

Clinical Neuroscience - Neuropsychology

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