Clinical Neuroscienc - Schizophrenia

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This flashcard set covers university-level clinical neuroscience, focusing on schizophrenia. It explores symptoms, genetic approaches, early detection, progression, diagnosis, and both positive and negative symptoms. The flashcards delve into the dopamine hypothesis, emotional and perceptual disturbances, and the multifactorial nature of the disorder. Medical students and professionals will find this set valuable for understanding the complexities of schizophrenia, its diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

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Lernende

Sprache

Englisch

Kategorie

Medizin

Stufe

Universität

Erstellt / Aktualisiert

27.05.2014 / 11.02.2020

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Schizophrenia is not so much a phenomina of split person but loss of touch with reality. What is true about the clinical picture of Schizophrenia?

key symptomatic: disturbance of thought, emotion & behavior

SZ-prevalence life-time: 1% (suicide 10%, 2% of all costs in health care)

Onset in late adolscence

Complex/multifactorial disorder: genetics, environment and neurodevelopment

estrogen is not a protective factor in women

What is true about the POSITIVE symptoms in Schizophrenia?

DELUSION (Wahn)

false belief on incorrect interference/ false perception of reality

HALLUCINATIONS

sensory perception which seems to be real(but has no real external stimulus)

ILLUSION (misperception of a real stimulus) is the same as HALLUCINATION

Negative symptoms in Schizophrenia develop over time and may be not detected (since masked by positive symptoms). What are the NEGATIVE symptoms?

poverty of speech

thought blocking

social withdrawal

anergia and anhedonia

affective blunting (=lack of emotional reactivity) and lack of volition (=decision for acting)

What is true about the DIAGNOSIS?

subtypes: 40% paranoid, 10% disorganized, 10% catatonic, 20% undifferrantiated or residual

ICD10: presencence of one clear symptom (+) or two of (-) symptom for 1 month duration

diagnosis includes accurate evaluation and exclusion of tumor/inflammation

cognitive defects and social deficits (poor emotion recognition) allow positive diagnosis

there is no proper diagnosis

What is true about the reason for Schizophrenia?

No satisfactory explanation yet (hypothesis)

Dopamine hypothesis = biochemical cause)

excessive dopamine activity in mesolimbic system(linked to positive symptoms)

is caused by hypofrontality (linked to – symptoms)

hypofrontality is not caused by disruption of normal glutamate activity

What happens in the PROGRESSION of Schizophrenia?

1.) starts with: vulnerability (biochem. disturbance)

2.) followed by: outpost syndrome („first episode“)

3.) leading to: 'prodrome'

4.) prodrome leads to maifestation of psychosis

psychosis is either reversible, leading again prodrome of relaps or irreversible (“pure defect“)

The absolute goal in Schizophrenia is early detection rather than curring. How is this achieved?

Reduce risk of psychosis

Improve detection

Reduce delays in treatment (and stigma)

Maximise recovery and prevent relapse

Plan on continous needs/care pathway

Which are the GENETIC approaches which are performed in Schizophrenia?

Linkage studies = pedrigree studies for alleles with high penetrance

GWAS = genome-wide association studies(search for large number of SNPs)

Association studies = single markers like SNPs or haplotypes

no Copy number variants (CNV)

Endophenotype concept = search for single gene marker with regard to intermediate phenotype of disease

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Clinical Neuroscienc - Schizophrenia

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