Clinic Theroy III
Cancer Patient
Cancer Patient
Set of flashcards Details
| Flashcards | 21 |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Category | Medical |
| Level | University |
| Created / Updated | 25.02.2014 / 25.02.2014 |
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What is cancer?
A transformation of normal cells into malignant cells.
This is the spreading of cancer cells from the original site to a distant site.
Metastasis
This is an abnormal growth.
Neoplasm
These cancer cells look normal, are encapuslated, slow growing, and do not metastasis. They can be removed and will not come back.
Benign
What are 4 classifications of caners?
- Carcinoma: epithelial tissue 85%
- Sarcomas: connective tissue (bone or soft tissue) from mesencymal cells. Rare in adults, requent in children 1%
- Blood/Lymphatic: leukemia's 7%
- Other rare cancers: 7%
What are the 3 compoenents of cancer staging?
- T -- Tumor size
- L -- Lymph nodes (presence or absence)
- M -- Metastases (presence or absence)
The survival rate of cancer depends on?
- Location & size of the tumor
- Type of cancer
- Presence of distant metastasis
- Tumor sensitivity to tx
- Physical condition and age of the pt
What are the risk factors for cancer?
- Tobacco (head and neck, lungs, and bladder)
- Alcohol (head and neck, bladder, and liver)
- Sunlight (skin)
- Environmental/Occupational (asbestos, radon, chemicals, etc.) (lungs)
- Viruses (HPV, Epstein Barr) (Cervical, oral, and liver)
- Socioeconomic (late diagnoses is poor)
- Genetic pre-disposition (increased risk)
The most common cancers in men are?
- Prostate
- Lung
- Colorectal
What are some cancer treatment options?
- Surgery (small localized)
- Debulk/remove prior to tx or prolog life when no chance for cure
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Hematopoietic cell transplatation
- Hormone therapy
- Biotherapy (immune stimulation)
This is an anti-cancer drug that affects the raidly dividing cancer cells. What are the side-effects?
Chemotherapy
- Loss of hair
- Anemia-bone marrow suppression
- Immunosuppression
- Poor appetite
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- Xerostomia
This is an ionizing beam that can impact certain cancer cells. When is it indicated?
Radiation therapy
- Tumors that are small and localized
- Shrink a larger tumor
- Concurrently with chemotherapy
- Prevent spread and/or recurrence of cancer
What are the side effects of radiation therapy?
- Bad sunburn
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- GI issues
- Mucositis
- Xerostomia
- Radiation caries
- Osteoradionecrosis
- Trismus
What are tye "typical" signs of osteoradionecrosis?
- Loose teeth and exposed necrotic bone
- Ulceration of the mucosa
- Rarely pain is a componenet
- The IA artery is obliterated which leads to hypoxic tissues
- The body has no way to send nutrients to fight the infation or heal the wounded areas
How can osteradionecrosis be prevented?
- Eliminate oral disease (caries, abscess, periodontal disease)
- Maintain good home care
- New treatments include
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: helps prevent tissues from dying from loack of blood and oxygen flow.
- Pentoxifylline: vasoactive drug that stiumulates peripheral blood flow
This treatment is used to treat blood diseases like Leukemia.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation
What are 5 types of bone marrow transplants?
- Autologus: self
- Unrelated: matching donor
- Allogeneic: sibling
- Haplodentical: parent
- Syngeneic: identical twin
What dental care should be complete before starting chemo/radiation treatment?
- Pt needs optimal oral health BEFORE treatment
- Assess oral cacvity for signs of dental/oral/periodontal infection
- Eliminate sources of dental/oral/periodontal infection
- Oral hygien KISS rule
- Provide written instructions
- Provide positive reinforcement
- Acknowledge appropriatenss of patient's concerns
What are some possible hygiene care durring treatment?
- Mouth rinse every 2-3 hours
- Sip water to reduce xerostomia
- Have custom fluoride trays and fl gel to use nightly
- Magic mouth wash if pain
What are some possible oral implications of chemo/radiation therapy?
- Chemo: oral mucositis/stomatitis
- Radiation: radiation caries
- Hematopoietic cell transplantation: viral & fungal infections
A woman's risk for developing breast and/or ovarian cancer in greatly increase if?
She inherits a deleterious (harmful) BRCA1 or BRCA 2 mutation. If they inherit this mutation they are about 5x more likely to develop breast cancer.
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