Clinic Theory III
Substance Abuse
Substance Abuse
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Lernkarten
A dependency on non-prescription street drugs, alcohol, or prescription medication or a combination. Which may lead to social, occupatonal, psychological, or physical problems.
Substance abuse
What is recreational vs. alcoholism?
- Women 1 drink/day
- Men 2 drainks/day
What gene was identified to be involved in predisposition to alcohol dependence?
- GABRA 2
- CHRM 2
What defectice gene will protect carries from alcoholism, by making them ill after consumption?
ALDH 2
What are the effects of alcohol intoxication?
- Low doses: can act as a relaxant
- High doses: euphoria analgesics, and anxiety reduction effects
- Behavioural changes: aggressiveness, mood instability, impaired judgement, social or occupation dysfunction, attention and memory loss, stupor, coma.
- Physical characteristics: slurred speech, unsteady gait
- Accients: brusing, fractures, brain truama, suicide
What are signs of alcoholism?
- Craving
- Loss of control
- Physical dependence (withdrawal symptoms)
- Tolerance
- Amnesia
- Binge Drinking
What can happen to the liver in alcoholics?
- Fatty liver: early stages are reversible
- Alcoholic hepatitis: inflammation of the liver
- Fibrosis: healthy cells replaced by scar tissue
- Cirrhosis: scaring of the liver
What is the legal limit to alcohol consumption?
- 0.08% legal limit
- 0.02% for underage
- 0.05% DWAI
What are some characteristics of fetal alacohol syndrome?
- Facial morphology
- Pre/post natal growth retardation
- CNS involvement
- Seizures
- Developmental defects
- Poor coordination
- Attention/hyperactive
- Social skills and behavioral dysfunction
What happens when addicts stop drinking?
- Tremor of hands, tongue, and eyelids
- Nervousness and irritation, anxiety
- Malaise, weakness, and headache
- Dry mouth
- Autonomic hyperactivity: sweating increase, pulse increase, and BP increases
- Transient visual, tactile, or autidory hallucinations
- Insomnia
- Grand mal seizure
- Nausea vomiting
Are delirium tremens (DTs) fatel?
Yes. Once they start (grand mal seizure, stroke, heart attach) it can lead to death.
What are some treatments for alcoholism?
- Abstinence
- Psychiatirc therapy (AA)
- Detoxification
- Antibuse
What is the criteria for substance abuse?
- Failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home
- Use in physically hazardous situations
- Abuse related legal issues
- Continued use despide persistent interpersoal problems caused by the effects of substance
What are examples of opioids/morphine, stiumulants, and inhalants?
- Heroine, codeine, oxycodone, vicodin
- Cocaine, crack, meth, speed
- Paint thinners, gasoline, glue
What are the cariovascular effects of taking elicit drugs?
- Increase BP
- Vasoconstriction
- Altered electro activity of the heart
- Induce angina, pecipitate MI
- Arrhythmias and palpations
- Atherosclerostic cardiovascular disease
What are neurological effects of taking elicit drugs?
- Memory lapses and decision making or attention problems
- Euphoric effects
- Seizures, stroke, or intra-cerebral hemorrhage
- Depression, paranoia, aggression, hallucinations
- Amnesia, dementia, anxiety, and/or sleep disroders
What are some "safer" drugs to use when trying to quit?
- Methadone (narcotics)
- LAAM (narcotics)
- Naltrexone (blocks heroin)
- Phenobarbital or Diazepam (sedatives)
What is the role of the dental hygienist?
- Update HH at each visit
- Precuations or modifications may be indicated to avoid emergency
- Eldery have a higher risk for overdose 2nd to dementia
What does CAGE stand for?
- C: Cut down
- A: Annoyed people criticizing use
- G: Guilty of use
- E: Morning "eye opener"
What does CAGE stand for?
- C: Cut down
- A: Annoyed people criticizing use
- G: Guilty of use
- E: Morning "eye opener"
What will cause the puipls to dilate?
- LSD
- Cocaine
- Marijuana
What will cause the eyes to constrict?
- Heroine
- Morphine
What are some intraoral signs of drug use?
- Xerostomia
- Tongue coated
- Poor homecare
- Inflammation, bleeding
- Chipped teeth, attrtion, erosion
- High caries rate
- Emergency dental care
What is "meth mouth"?
- Corrosive: mucosa irritate, burning sorce, infection; rotting teeth; xerostomia; cracked teeth from grinding/clinching; enamel erosion; perio infection
What are some signs of cocaine use?
- Nasal septum and/or palate perforation
- Saddlenose deformity
- Erosive caries
- Rapid gingival recession and ulcerations
- Trismus: grinding teeth
What are signs of speed/ecstasy use?
- Xerostomia
- Tooth wear from chewing/grinding
- TMJ tenderness
- Rampant caries
What are signs of marijuana use?
- Poor oral hygiene
- Snacking and dental caries
- Increase periodontal infections
- Premalignant lesions
- Leukoplakia
- Oral infections
What opiods, CNS depressants, and stiumlants are prescribed and for what?
- Opiods: pain: vicodin, oxycontin, percocet
- CNS depressants: lower anxiety: valium, xanax, lunesta
- Stimulants: treat deficit hyperactivity disorder: ritalin, adderall
