Anatomy Lab 7
Overview of the skeleton: classification and structure of bones and cartilages.
Overview of the skeleton: classification and structure of bones and cartilages.
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Cartes-fiches
What is a tuberosity?
Large rounded projections; may be roughened.
What is a crest?
Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent
What is a Trochanter?
Very large, blunt, irregularly shapped process (the only examples are on the femur)
What is a Line?
Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
What is a tubercle?
Small rounded projection or process.
What is an Epicondyle?
Raised area on or above a condyle.
What is a spine?
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection.
What is a process?
Any bony Prominence
What is a head? (surfaces that form joints)
Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck.
What is a facet?
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface.
What is a Condyle?
Rounded articular projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa.
What is a ramus?
armlike bar of bone.
What is a foramen?
Round or oval opening through a bone.
What is a groove?
Furrow
What is a fissure?
A narrow slitlike opening
What is a notch?
An Indentation at the edge of a structure.
What is a fossa?
shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving an articular surface.
What is a meatus?
Canal-like passageway.
What is a sinus?
Bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane.
What is the skeleton constructed out of?
cartilage and bone.
What is the skeleton made up of mostly in embryos?
Hyaline cartilage.
What happens to hyaline cartilage as the baby turns into an adult?
It is replaced by more ridgid bone.
Where is cartilidge located in the skeleton?
isolated areas such as the external ear, bridge of nose, larynx, trachea, joints and parts of the rib cage.
What functions does the skeleton play?
- supporting and protecting the body
- provides a system of levers with which the skeletal muscles work to move the body
- store lipids and many minerals (the most important being calcium)
- Provides a site for hematopoiesis.
What are the sites of bone connections called?
Joints/articulations.
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
Axial - those bones that lie around the body's center of gravity
Appendicular - bones of the limbs and appendages.
How many bones are in the adult skeleton?
206
What are the two main types of osseous tissue contained in bone?
1. Compact bone - looks smooth and homogeneous
2. spongy bone - composed of small trabeculae of bone and lots of open space.
What are the four groups of bone?
Long bone, flat bone, short bone and irregular bones.
What is a long bone?
The femur and bones of the fingers - are longer than they generally are wide, generally consisting of a shaft with heads at either end. Composed predominantly of compact bone.
What is a short bone?
Generally cube-shaped, and they contain more spongy bone than compact bone. The tarsals and carpals are examples.
What are flat bones?
Generally thin, with two waferlike layers of compact bone andwiching a layer of spongy bone between them. Although the name flat bone implies a structure that is level or horizontal, many flat bones are curved (for example, skull bones).
What are irregular bones?
Bones such as vertebrae that do not fit into any major bone category.
What are sesamoid bones?
special types of short bones formed in tendons - also the patellas.
What are sutural bones?
Sutural bones are tiny bones between cranial bones. except for the patellas, the sesamoid and sutural bones are not included in the bone count of 206 because they vary in number and location in different individuals.
What are bone markings?
Bumps, holes and ridges on bones that reveal where bones form joints with other bones, where muscles, tendons and ligaments were attached and where blood vessels and nerves passed.
What are the two categories of bone markings?
Projections - processes that grow out from the bone and serve as sites of muscle attachment or help form joints
Depressions and cavities - indentions or openings in the bone that often serve as conduits for nerves and blood vessels.
What is the Diaphysis?
The shaft of the bone - has a smooth surface which is composed of compact bone.
What is the periosteum?
A fiberous memberane covering the long bone.
What are perforating collagen fiber bundles?
Fibers of the periosteum of the long bone that penetrate into the bone.
