ACT General Basics Function (Primary & Secondary)
Page 12 - 23
Page 12 - 23
Kartei Details
| Karten | 47 |
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| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Allgemeinbildung |
| Stufe | Andere |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 18.10.2015 / 22.10.2015 |
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What are the two different Fixed Slats?
Fixed slot and leading edge cuff
What are the two different variable slats?
Movable Slot and Leading edge flap
How are the automatic extension Slats are works?
Reduced aerodynamic forces allow the movable slot to extend by way of spring when needed. this ist normally used on light aircrafts only
How are the powered extensions Slats are works?
the movable slot or the leading edge flap extension can be controlled by the pilot. this is commonly used on airliners
What is the problem if we are unable to retract Slats or leading edge Flaps?
to much drag for economic cruise (most probably return to base)
What is the problem if we are unable to extend Slats or leading edge Flaps?
clean configuration landing (high approach speed, long landing distance)
What is the problem if we are asymmetric extension or retraction on Slats or leading edge Flaps?
Dangerous emergency Situation!
What are Spoilers?
Spoilers are plates on the top surface of the wing which can be extended upwards into the airflow
What is the purpose of the Spoilers?
Mainly to reduce the lift or spoil the airflow when the Aircraft touch the ground. so the Aircraft wouldn't hop on the runway.
Also it is used in flight to reduce the Lift-Force on one wing and help the aircraft to roll.
Additionally there are Airplanes which have no Ailerons the roll exklusively with the Spoilers (advantege No Adverse Yaw is produced)
What are Spoiler activation: Manual (asymmetric)?
special design for roll on a few aircrafts only (e.g. Mitsubishi MU-2, no ailerons installed)
What are Spoiler activation: automatic (asymmetric)?
in flight to sustain ailerons
What are Spoiler activation: manual (symmetric)?
in flight to reduce speed and/or increase rate of decent
What are Spoiler activation: automatic or manual (symmetric)?
after touch-touch to destroy lift and make the brake more effective
What are Airbrakes?
to increase drag in any form it is possible
there are different system/ on different aircraft manufaturers
What is the prupose of Airbrakes?
To increase drag and destroy Lift
Mainly after Touch-Down to help brake the Aircraft and reduce the brake force on the Brakes.
What are primary Flight Controls?
Name their three
Ailerons
Elevator
Rudder
How we would name the thing to Control Ailerons and Elevator?
their are three different System?
Control Stick (France)
Control Wheel (USA)
Side Stick (New Generation)
With what we control the Rudder?
With the Pedals
How are the Ailerons & Elevator connected to the Flight controls?
and what is the disadvanteges?
With cables or push/pull rods
Fracture, rupture, blockage by foreign object or freezing of these mechanical connections, can lead to a dangerous emergency situations
What is the second function of the pedals?
to Break or/and steer the airplane on ground.
How can an airplane steer on ground?
By a steerable Nose wheel or
if it's a Tailwheel Airplane by different braking
What are happen if we push it?
Rudder or Brake?
Rudder Function - Left/right conected
Rudder turns to the right or even to the left
What are happen if we Push?
Rudder or brake
Brake Function - Left/Right independant
Main wheel brake are connected independant to the pedals with hydraulic Lines
What happen if we turn the control stick to the left?
Left Aileron up (decrease Lift)
Right Aileron down (Increase Lift, Increase Drag)
Airplane rolls to the Left
Airplane Yaw's to the right
What happen if we push the control stick?
Elevator deflects down (increases Lift)
More Lift on the tail Airplane Pitch down
What happen if we pull the control stick?
Elevator deflects up (decrease Lift)
Less Lift on the Tail Airplane pitch up
because CG is between Wing and tail
We would like to turn Right, what have we to to?
What happen with the Airplane (reaction of each part)?
Push the right Pedal
Rudder deflects to the right
Force applies on the right and pushes the Tail to the left
Nose turns to the Right
We would like to turn Left, what have we to to?
What happen with the Airplane (reaction of each part)?
Push the leftPedal
Rudder deflects to the left
Force applies on the leftand pushes the Tail to the right
Nose turns to the Left
What is adverse Yaw?
due to the defelctions of the Aileron Different Forces applies ont the wing (lfit / drag)
e.g. to turn left the right wing has to go up but with the increasing lift also Drag increase. the reason is that the Aiplane starts to Yaw to the left, thats why the Pilot has also to deflect the rudder to compensate the adverse Yaw.
What are Coupled Ailerons and Rudder?
rudder-aileron interconnect spring help to correct for aileron drag by automatically deflecting the rudder at the same time the ailerons are deflected
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