Academic Word List - Sublist 1
The AWL was developed by Averil Coxhead at the School of Linguistics and Applied Langauge Studies, in New Zealand. It was made so that it could be used as part of a programme preparing learners for tertiary level study or used by students working alone.
The AWL was developed by Averil Coxhead at the School of Linguistics and Applied Langauge Studies, in New Zealand. It was made so that it could be used as part of a programme preparing learners for tertiary level study or used by students working alone.
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Cartes-fiches
analyse analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically, analyze, analyzed, analyzes, analyzing
to analyse: to study or examine something in detail, in order to discover more about it
Researches analysed the purchases of 6,3000 households.
The data was analysed accordifng to neighbourhoods, but other key variables like credit rating, job history, savings and marital status were ignored altogether.
analytic(al): examining or liking to examine things very carefully
approach (n.): approachable, approached, approaches, approaching, unapproachable
an approach: a way of considering or doing something
Since our research so far has not produced any answers to his problem, we need to adopt a different approach to it.
Michael is always very logical in his approch.
area (n.): areas
area: a subjec or activity, or a part of it
Marketing is Paul's area.
Software is not really my area of expertise.
a particular part of a place, piece of land, or country:
All areas of the country will have some rain tonight.
The area of NY to the south of Houston Street is known as Soho.
assess: assessable, assessed, assesses, assessing, assessment, reassess, reassessed, reassessing, reassessment, unassessed
an assessment: the act of judging or deciding the amount, value, quality, or importance of smthg, or the judgment or decision that is made
Would you say that is a fair assessment of the situation?
Both their assessments of production costs were hopelessly inaccurate.
assume: assumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptions
an assumption (n.): something that you accept as true without question or proof
People tend to make assumptions about you when you have a disability.
These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise.
authority (n.): authoritative, authorities
an authority: the moral or legal right or ability to control
The UN has used/exerted/exercised its authority to restore peace in the area.
He has no authority over (=ability to control) his students.
authority (n.) (EXPERT): an expert on a subject
She's a world authority on 19th-century Irish history.
available: availability, unavailable
available: able to be bought or used
Is this dress available in a larger size?
There's no money available for an office party this year.
if someone is available, they are not busy and therefore able to do something, used + infinitive
I'm afraid I'm not available to help with the show on the 19th.
Every available officer will be assigned to the investigation.
a benefit (n.): beneficial, beneficiary, beneficiaries, benefited, benefiting, benefits
benefit: a helpful or good effect, or something intended to help
He's had the benefit of an expensive education and yet he continues to work as a waiter.
I didn't get/derive (much) benefit from school.
(usually plural) an advantage such as medical insurance, life insurance, and sick pay, that employees receive from their employer in addition to money
In addition to my salary, I get a pension and medical benefits.
a concept (n.): conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualisation, conceptualise, conceptualises, conceptualising, conceptually
concept: a principle or idea
The concept of free speech is unkwnon to them.
Kleenbrite is a whole new concept in toothpaste!
not having a clue = not have any concept/have no concept of something
I don't think you have any concept of th epain you have caused her.
consistency (n.): consistent, consist,, consistently, consisting, consists, inconsistencies, inconsistency, inconsistent
consistency: the quality of always behaving or performing in a similar way, or of always happening in a s similar way
They've won a few games this season but they lack consistency.
It's important to show some consistency in your work.
the physical nature of a substance, especially a thick liquid, for example by being thick or thin, smooth or lumpy, ect
She loved the creamy consistency of fresh paint.
constituency (n.): constitue, constituencies, constituent, constituents, constituted, consitutes, constitutiong, constitution, constitutions, constitutional, constitutionally, constitutive, unconstitutional
constituency: one of the official areas of a country that elects someone to represent it in a parliament or legislature
a rural/urban constituency
the people who live and can vote in a particular area
He angered his constituency by voting against the bill.
a group of people who suport, or are likely to support, a particular person, product, suggestion, ect.
There is a large constituency in favour of income-tax reductions.
context (n.): contexts, contextual, contextualis/ze, contextualis/zed, contextualis/zing
context: the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help explain it
It is important to see all the fighting and bloodshed in his play in historical context.
the text or speech that comes immediately before and after particualr phrase or piece of text and helps explain its meaning
In this exercise, a word is blanked out and you have to guess what it is by looking at the context.
expression "out of context"
a contract (n.): contracted, contracting, contractor, contrators, contracts
contract: a legal document that states and explains a formal agreement between two different people or groups, or the agreement itself
a contract of employment
a temporary/building contract
My solicitor id drawing up (=writing) a contract.
to have formally agreed to work for a company or person on a stated job for a stated period of time
The contract between the two companies will expire at the end of the year.
I'm on a temporary contract and have little financial security.
a creation (n.): create, created, creates, creating, creations, creative, creatively, creativity, creator, creators, recreate, recreated, recreates, recreating
create: to make something new, or invent something
creation: the act of creating something, or the thing that is created
the creation of a new political party
Their policies all emphasize the creation of wealth.
data
data: information, especially facts or numbers, collected to be examined and considered and used to help decision-making, or information in an electronic form that can be sotres and used by a computer
The data was/were collected by various researchers.
Now the date is/are being transferred from magnetic tape to hard disk.
a definition (n.): define, definable, defined, defines, defining, definitions, redefine, redefined, redefines, redefining, undefined
definition: a statement that explains the meaning of a word or phrase
a description of the features and limits of something
THe legal definition of what is and what is not pornography is very unsatisfactory.
how clear an image or sound is
The photograh lacks definition
expression "by definition": because of its own features
Psychology is by definition an inexact science.
a derivation (n.): derive, derivations, derivative, derived, derives, deriving
derivation: the origin of something, such as a word, from which another form has developed, or the new form itself
to derive: to get something from something else
The institute derives all its moeny from foreign investments
a (re)distribution (n.): distribute, distributed, distributional, distributions, distributive, distributor(s), redistribute, redistributed, redistributes, redistributing
distribution: the process of giving things out to several people, or spreading or supplying something
Has the Channel Tunnel improved the distribution of goods between the British Isles and mainland Europe?
distribution costs
the way in which people or things are spread out in a place
a map showing distribution of global population
an economy (n.): economic, economical, economically, economics, economies, economist(s), uneconomical
economy: the system of trade and industry by which the wealth of a country is made and used
the global economy
the German economy
the state of the economy
a weak/strong economy
the intentional saving of money or, less commonly, the saving of time, energy, words, etc
They've had to make economies since Nathan lost his job.
She writes with su economy - I've never knwon a writer say so much in so few words.
an environment (n.): environmental, environmentalist(s), environmentally, environments
environment: NATURE: the air, water, and land in or on which people, animals and plants live
We're not doing enough ot protect the environment from pollution.
the conditions that you live or work in and the way that they influence how you feel or how effectively you can work
As a parent you try to create a stable home environment.
an establishment(s) (n.): establish, disestablish, disestablished, disestablishing, disestablishes, disestablishment, established, establishes, establishing
establishment: a business or other organization, or the place where an organization operates
an educational/financial/religious establishment
the establishment [S, + sing./pl. verb]: the important and powerful people who control a country or an organization, especially those who support the existing situation
Critics said judges were on the side of the establishment.
the process starting or creating something, for example, an organization
The establishment of new areas of employment is a priority.
Since its establishment in 1945, the UN has played a dominant role in the development of international law.
an estimation(s) (n.): estimate, estimated, estimates, estimating, over-estimate, overestimate(s), overestimated, overestimating, underestimate, underestimated, underestimates, underestimating
estimation: a rough calculation of the value, number, quantity, or extent of something
estimations of protein concentrations
This model was developed to provide UV irradiance claculations and UVI estimations with high accurary for different atmospheric, temporal and geographical conditions.
an evidence (n.): evident, evidenced, evidential, evidently
evidence: the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid
the study find little evidence of overt discrimation
The evidence now questions whether the grounds on which we went to war were right.
signs or indications of something
There was no obvious evidence of a break-in.
an export (n. OR v.): exported, exporter, exporting, exports
export (v.): send (goods or services) to another country for sale
Nearly all the bananas produced were exported to Britian.
spread or introduce (ideas and beliefs) to another country
The Greeks exported Hellenic culture around the Mediterranean basin.
export (n.): a product or service sold abroad
Wool and mohair were the principal exports.
a factor (n.): factored, factoring, factors
factor: a circumstance, fact, or influence that contributes to a result
His skill was a factor in ensuring that so much was achieved.
She worked fast, conscious of the time factor.
a level on a scale of measurement
You can select from the standard list of scale factors or key in your own.
Your weirdness factor goes off the scale of this test.
an agent who buys and sells goods on commission
His father was chief factor for the Hudson's Bay Company.
a finance (n.): financed, finances, financial, financially, financier, financiers, financing
finance: the management of large amounts of money, especially by governmets or large companies
the firm's finance department
monetary support for an entreprise
The clearing banks are important sources of finance.
(finances): the monetary resources and affairs of a state, organization or person
The club's finances are stretched to the limit.
a formula(s) (n.): formulae, formulate, formulating, formulaion, formulationsm reformulate, reformulated, reformulating, reformulation(s)
formula: a mathematical relationship or rule expressed in symbols
The formula for the capacitance of a spherical capacitor.
a method or procedure for achieving something
The forlorn hope of finding a peace formula.
a list of ingredients with which something is made
A blend of fifteen whiskies compiled to a secret formula.
a rule or stlye followed mechanically
One of those formula tunes.
The campaign is following the standard formula.
a function(s) (n.): functional, functionally, functioned, functioning
function: an activity that is natural to or the purpose of a person of thing
Bridges perform the function of providing access across water.
a thing dependent on another factor or factors
Class shame is a function of social power.
a large or formal social event or ceremony
He was obliged to attend party functions
function (v.): work or operate in proper or particular way
Her liver is functioning normally.
an identity(ies) (n.): identify, identifiable, identification, identified, identifying, identifies, unidentifiable
identity: the fact of being who or what a person or thing is
He knows the identity of the bombers.
the characteristics determining who or what a person or thing is
He wanted to develop a more distinctive Scottish Tory identity.
