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Refer to figure. Select the figure which correctly shows the coverage area of the first sector of a Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) providing 3D guidance in the final approach segment.

Figure D

Figure A

Figure C

Figure B

The pilot is performing an ILS CAT II approach when a car crosses the sensitive area without clearance. The pilot executes a missed approach. Explain why the pilot performed the missed approach.

The ILS signal most likely suffered from unacceptable interference, resulting in fluctuations of the cockpit display indicators.

A change of polarization was observed as a consequence of the vehicle trespassing the sensitive area.

The magnetic variation changed due to the car crossing the sensitive area.

The car has caused an ILS signal interference, such interference most likely resulted in autopilot disengagement.

Which of the following summaries lists only directional antennas?

Dipole antenna, loop antenna, parabolic antenna, slotted planar array antenna.

Sense antenna, parabolic antenna, slotted planar array antenna, helical antenna.

Loop antenna, parabolic antenna, slotted planar array antenna.

Dipole antenna, sense antenna, parabolic antenna, helical antenna.

How are radio waves in MF propagated?

At daytime as ground wave, during night only as sky wave.

At daytime as ground wave, during night as ground wave and sky wave.

At daytime as ground wave and sky wave, during night only as ground wave.

At daytime and during night only as ground wave.

Refer to figure. A pilot is taking off from Runway 16 and must navigate to waypoint ATSU and then make a turn to the next waypoint. The procedure can involve different turn techniques, and two different flight paths are depicted in each of the annexes in the figure. Which of the following statements is true regarding the procedures followed by the aircraft?

The aircraft in Annex 1 follows a Radius-to-Turn (RTT) procedure between the waypoints.

The aircraft in Annex 1 uses a fly-over instead of a standard turn procedure.

The aircraft in Annex 2 turns to the next waypoint after passing the waypoint ATSU because it is a fly-over waypoint.

The aircraft in Annex 2 follows a Radius-to-Turn (RTT) procedure and only turns to the next waypoint after passing the waypoint ATSU.

On a back-beam ILS approach with the back-beam inbound course set on a HSI, the needle is showing half scale deflection to the right. What does this indicate?

The heading is to the right of the desired track.

The aircraft is to the left of the desired track.

The aircraft is to the right of the desired track.

The heading is to the left of the desired track.

Refer to figure. The aircraft is tuned to AMS VOR. Which radial of the AMS VOR is the aircraft on?

010°.

358°.

190°.

178°.

From the the following options, choose those that are PBN navigation specifications that may be encountered in NAT HLA airspace. 1) RNP 10 and RNP 4 2) RNAV 10 3) RNP 2 4) RNAV 2

1, 2, 3

1, 3, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

2, 3, 4

In the legend of a navigation chart, a beacon is mentioned to be a TVOR. Which description of the TVOR is correct?

A terminal VOR beacon used especially for aircraft on the final approach heading to the runway.

A conventional VOR beacon with an antenna that looks like a “T” due to the horizontal and the perpendicular vertical parts.

A VOR station with a shorter range, used as part of the approach and departure structure at major aerodromes.

A VOR station that is emitting a signal to test VOR indicators in an aircraft, and it is most commonly located at an aerodrome.

What equipment is needed on the aircraft for an MLS approach? 1. DME/P 2. MLS receiver 3. Localiser coverage 4. Receiver for azimuth coverage 5. Receiver for elevation

2 only

1 and 2

2, 4 and 5

3, 4 and 5

To double the effective range of a primary radar, the power output must be increased by a factor of..

8.

4.

2.

16.

Which RNP can be used in all phases of flight except for en-route oceanic/remote and final approach phases and is intended primarily for helicopters?

RNP 0.3

RNP 2

RNP 1

RNP AR APCH

NDB range is greatly affected by the power of the transmitter. This is because with weaker transmissions, the ground wave...

is diffracted by obstacles.

is refracted by the ionosphere.

is reflected by obstacles.

is absorbed by the underlying terrain.

An aircraft executing an ILS approach passes above a marker with a series of steady dots. What is the colour of the marker beacon?

White.

Red.

Blue.

Amber.

What does a Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) require?

At least two ground stations to transmit to arriving aircraft; one to give differential position corrections and the other to give integrity information for each satellite.

At least two ground stations, one for each runway's end.

One ground station to support an unlimited number of aircraft in the airspace of its jurisdiction.

One ground station, transmitting on UHF, to send error signals to all the aircraft in the final approach segment.

You are in receipt of an ATC clearance and flying a procedure designated as RNP 1. Select the true statement from the following options.

You are allowed to insert latitude and longitude waypoints into the flight plan manually

You must manually reprogram all RNP waypoints using the current aircraft position references

You may freely modify waypoints as long as RNP criteria are maintained

You are not allowed to add waypoints defined by bearing, distance, and place unless part of the published procedure

Considering a primary radar system, what kind of aerials are used?

An omnidirectional antenna for transmitting, and a directional antenna for receiving.

One directional antenna for transmitting and one for receiving.

A directional antenna for transmitting, and an omnidirectional antenna for receiving.

One directional antenna both for transmitting and for receiving.

What describes polarization?

Orientation of the plane of oscillation of the electrical component (E) of the electromagnetic wave.

Orientation of the plane of oscillation of the magnetic component (H) of the electromagnetic wave.

Rotation of the antenna around a fixed axis.

Orientation of the antenna to the North Pole.

A Flight Management System (FMS) can provide an Estimated Position Error (EPE) that is often used to check against the Required Navigation Performance (RNP) value of a procedure or airspace. Which of these best describes the EPE?

A sum of all the navigational errors accumulated over time that may be used as a measure of the performance of the navigation system after a flight.

A measure of the accuracy of the flight management system for navigation, and is demonstrated during initial certification of the aircraft.

An average of the navigation errors computed by two or more FMSS when compared against each other and subsequently applied as a correction to improve position accuracy.

A measure of the reasonableness and accuracy of the given flight management position by applying a specific set of rules to the available navigation inputs.

An aeroplane is following a terminal procedure requiring the use of RNP 1. The following message appears on the Navigation Display (ND) accompanied by an aural signal: "NAV ACCUR DOWNGRAD" What is the significance of this message?

Some GNSS signals have been lost and RAIM is no longer available.

The FMS position is now based on the IRS position alone; EPE may be less than 1 NM.

The navigation accuracy is less than required accuracy of +/- 1 NM.

The aeroplane is outside the coverage of navigation aids.

A functional Mode S transponder interrogated in Mode A. What is provided to the ATC screen apart from the aircraft position (bearing and range)?

Transponder code and pressure altitude.

Transponder code only.

Transponder code, pressure altitude, and aircraft address.

Transponder code, pressure altitude, aircraft address, and other flight data.

According to the Definition from Annex I to Part-FCL regarding linear and angular laterally guided operations during approach phases of flight, which of the following statements is true?

Linear guidance means instrument approach operation in which the maximum tolerable error/deviation from the planned track is expressed in terms of deflection of the needles on the Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) or equivalent display in the cockpit.

Linear guidance means instrument approach operation in which the maximum tolerable error/deviation from the planned track is expressed in units of length, for instance nautical miles, for cross-track lateral deviation.

Angular guidance means instrument approach operation in which the maximum tolerable error/deviation from the planned track is expressed in percent of maximum deviation distance for cross-track lateral deviation.

Angular guidance means instrument approach operation in which the maximum tolerable error/deviation from the planned track is expressed in units of length, for instance nautical miles, for cross-track lateral deviation.

Refer to figure. The pilot of a light aircraft is plotting the position of the aircraft using a VOR bearing and an NDB bearing. Both bearings are displayed on an RMI with two pointers. Given the following information, what is the true bearing to plot from the NDB? Deviation: 2°W Variation: 6°E

270°

268°

274°

272°

An aircraft is situated at 30°N 005°E with a magnetic variation of 10°W. A VOR is located at 30°N 013°E with a magnetic variation of 15°W. The aircraft is situated on the VOR radial:

282°

287°

293°

284°

Which of the following is correct regarding false beams on a glide path?

False beams will only be found below the correct glide path.

False beams will only be found above the correct glide path.

False beams will only be found more than 10 degrees to the left or to the right of the localiser centreline.

False beams are only present when flying a back-beam ILS approach.

Which of these is one of the main functions of the tilt control (no autotilt) on an airborne weather radar system?

To keep the transmitter level during the aircraft’s pitch changes.

To allow the pilots to prevent ground personnel being exposed to radiation.

To allow the identification of clear air above a developing thunderstorm.

To search for areas of intense precipitation at different levels from the aircraft.

Airborne weather radar systems use a wavelength of approximately 3 cm in order to..

obtain optimum use of the cosecant squared beam.

detect small as well as large cloud formations.

transmit at a higher pulse repetition frequency for extended range.

detect larger water droplets.

An aircraft is on HDG 030 and on a QDM 320 to an NDB. Turning left towards the NDB, the pilot notices the ADF needle moving rapidly to the left. Why?

Coastal refraction.

Dip.

Multipath effect.

Quadrantal error.

The aircraft DME receiver is able to accept replies to its own transmissions and reject replies to other aircraft interrogations because..

the time interval between pulse pairs is unique to that particular aircraft.

pulse pairs are amplitude modulated with the aircraft registration.

transmission frequencies are 63 MHz different for each aircraft.

aircraft interrogation signals and transponder responses are 63 MHz removed from each other.

A vertically-mounted dipole antenna is used for RF transmissions. The receiving antenna has to be..

aligned horizontally in order to receive the electrical field of the RF transmission in horizontal plane.

in the same vertical alignment in order to receive the electrical field of the RF transmission in the horizontal plane.

aligned horizontally in order to receive the electrical field of the RF transmission in vertical plane.

in the same vertical alignment in order to receive the electrical field of the RF transmission in the vertical plane.

Refer to figure. The ADF in the aircraft has been tuned to a nearby NDB, which has been identified. The annex shows the accompanying RBI and the direction indicator (DI) in the aircraft, which is correctly aligned with the on-board compass. Ignoring any effects of turn radius, and assuming an appropriate intercept, choose the correct statement from the below.

To intercept QDR 270°, continue on the present heading and turn left away from the NDB.

To intercept QDR 180°, continue on the present heading and turn left towards the NDB.

To intercept QDM 270°, continue on the present heading and turn right towards the NDB.

To intercept QDM 315°, continue on the present heading and turn right towards the NDB.

One of the advantages of the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) systems over the Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) systems is that SSR can provide more information. How does this happen?

ATC SSR systems can interrogate aircraft transponders and elicit replies.

ATC SSR systems can reply to an aircraft interrogation and provide requested information.

ATC SSR systems permanently interrogate aircraft within range, so the tracking is not interrupted.

ATC SSR systems have moving target indicator capability, which eliminates clutter so more aircraft can be tracked.

In modern transport aircraft (built from around 2010 onwards), AWRs (Airborne Weather Radars) can allow for a more pleasant journey for the passengers and crew through the use of...

turbulence detection.

precipitation detection.

lightning detection.

gust detection.

ILS Multipath interference may be caused only by objects...

Outside the ILS sensitive area

In the ILS coverage area

Outside the ILS protected area

In the ILS critical area

When utilizing a Microwave Landing System (MLS), the presented information takes the form of a (1) _____ presentation of a (2) _____ approach.

(1) 2D, (2) 3D segmented.

(1) 3D, (2) 3D straight-in.

(1) 2D, (2) 3D curved.

(1) 3D, (2) 3D curved.

The information available on an air traffic controller's screen about an aircraft may include (1)____ from the (2)____.

(1) ground speed; (2) SSR

(1) pitch angle; (2) SSR

(1) flight level; (2) primary radar

(1) heading; (2) primary radar

Which of the following uses Kalman filtering?

A DME receiver.

An Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS).

A Flight Management System (FMS).

A VOR receiver.

What is an advantage of an SSR with a ‘selective addressing mode’ over primary radar?

It is independent from airborne(and space)based systems.

In case of a transponder malfunction, the SSR can be used as a primary radar.

It allows for unambiguous aircraft identification.

Its range is unrelated to its transmitting power.

A DVOR is less sensitive to site errors than a CVOR because...

of the presence of a monitoring system.

of the use of vertical polarised waves instead of horizontal polarised waves.

the variable phase is frequency modulated rather than amplitude modulated.

of the smaller VOR antenna.

What is the effect of FM broadcast stations that transmit on frequencies just below 108 MHz on the performance of ILS.

These transmissions may interfere with the ILS localizer and glide path signals which may lead to erroneous deviation indications.

These transmissions may activate the FM immune filter which results in the appearance of the localizer and glide path failure flag.

These transmissions may interfere with the ILS localizer signal which may lead to erroneous localizer deviation indication.

These transmissions may activate the FM immune filter which results in the appearance of the localizer failure flag.

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