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Diversifying Single Stories & Digital Competences 2 x 10 minutes.
Diversifying Single Stories & Digital Competences 2 x 10 minutes.
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Cartes-fiches
Who gave the Ted Talk "The Danger of the Single Story"?
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
What is the consequence of a single story?
It robes people of dignity, because it emphazizes how we are different rather than how we are similar.
Who pleads for a "balance of stories"?
Nigerian Writer Chinua Achebe
What did the Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe demand?
a balance of stories
What is a single story?
It's a term popularized by Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie in her TED Talk, The Danger of a Single Story. It describes the oversimplified, often one-dimensional view of people, places, or cultures based on limited information or stereotypes.
Describe how Adichi viewed characters in her stories as single stories?
Adichi grew up reading British and American children books. In these books the characters were always white, ate apples aand talked about the weather. Because of that she had thought for a long time, that characters in stories had to be like that, like something she was not. Because of that, the characters in her books drank a lot of ginger beer, even though she had no idea what it tasted like, because characters in British books drank a lot of ginger beer.
Decribe how Adichi viewed Fides Family?
The only thing Adichis mother told her about Fides family is that they are really poor. So she only ever saw his family as poor and nothing else. Their poverty became her single story of them. But when she saw, that his brother had made a beautifully patterned basket, she realized that they are not only poor, but also hard working.
Describe Adichi's roommate's single story of her.
Her roommate was shocked that Adichi speaks English, even though English is an official language in Nigeria. She thought that Adichi listened to "tribal music" and assumed that she didn't know how to use a stove. She felt sorry for her before she saw her. Her roommate had a single story of Africa, a single story of catastrophy. In this single story there was no possibility of Africans being similar to her in any way, no possibility of feelings more complex than pity, no possibility of a connection as human equals.
Describe Adichis single story of Mexico.
Adichi had viewed Mexicans as only immigrants who are "fleecing the healthcare system and sneaking over the border". When she saw people going to work and smoking and laughing she was ashamed.
What does nkali mean?
Noun that loosely translates to: to be grater than another.
Like our economic and political worlds, stories too are defined by the prinziple of nkali: How they are told, who tells them, when they're told, how many stories are told, are deeply dependent on power.
What did Adichi respond to a student who said that it was a shame that "Nigerian men were physical abusers like the father character in her novel"?
She that that is was a shame that "american men were murderers like the characters in American Psycho".
What central argument can be drawn from Adichie's concept of concerning its impact on EFL Education, and on you as a teacher of English?
In a context in which people learn foreign languages there is always an ultimate link to different cultures and realities of live. Now, when we consider the English language, the are so many diverse cultures, places and lives to be considered (simply because of how many places English is spoken in, not to forget all the people who speak English as a foreign language). It evidently becomes dangerous to not create single stories of all the cultures and places and lives that are talked about in an EFL context. For example, I rember that one of the topics we talked about during my A-Levels was India. It is really easy to fall for stereotypes when all you ever hear about are the same stories. "Poor Indian families, with patriarchal structures." But that is nonesense. Because Indian people can be so much more. Creative, hardworking, brilliant etc. If we only ever repeat that one story it becomes a single story, and this single story most of the time highlights negative aspects and tragedy - this makes it patronizing. And as teachers or future teachers it is our job to combat this. Talk about positive aspects of live, highlight different kinds of stories, and include diversity. This may not always be easy, but at least worth a shot.
Name the 4 key aspects of single stories
- Homogenization
- Hierarchization
- Dichotomization
- Deletion
Explain what Homogenization means.
Single stories reduce their subect matter to a few stereotypical aspects and make diversity ivisible.
Explain what Hierarchization means.
Single stories result from power hierarchies and consolidate them. People with power can tell stories, people without power cannot.
Explain what Dichotomization means.
Single stories make use of binary opposites (us vs. them) and clear lines of difference ('othering').
Explain what Deletion means.
Single stories create gaps and delete non-normative perspectives from voice and view.
What do Shardakova and Pavlenko (2004) say about textbooks?
“[T]extbooks are not a neutral repository of grammatical forms and lexical
choices; rather they are an important genre that functions to offer the students
a sanctioned view of human knowledge in a particular area, to confer
objectivity upon the subject matter, and to socialize the readers into becoming
a relatively homogeneous interpretive community.”
What does Fenner (2013) say about textbooks?
“[l]earners wish to and should learn about other aspects of society, and, as
both textbook writers and teachers are concerned with learners’ personal
growth, they need to give them opportunities to learn about other groups and
communities”
What does Gray (2013) say about textbooks?
“at the heart of the language teaching textbook is a regime of representation
which constructs the world of the target language for the student”
What does Merse (2017) say about textbooks?
“identify in how far textbooks reproduce officially endorsed versions of culture,
while at the same time denying recognition of other alternative ways of being
and living, which moves issues of social class, gender, race or sexuality into
the centre of attention”
What does Harwood (2014) say about textbooks?
EFL coursebooks are textual, visual and cultural artefacts
that can become the object of analysis and critique.
The results of such analysis and critique can be the basis for
adjusting the coursebook content for its usage and reception.
(“content” → “consumption”, Harwood, 2014)
How do you critically analyse textbooks?
- determining the analytical unit of the analysis: multimodal analytical units that present themselves as a coherent text-task-image combination to learners
- disentangeling the hidden) meanings that are contained in an analytical unit by considering visual images, written text and layout components - four step procedure
- Establish the analytical focus / question
- grasping the bigger picture
- critical analysis
- call to action
Name the four steps in a coursebook analysis.
- Establish the analytical focus / question
- grasping the bigger picture
- critical analysis
- call to action
Explain the four steps in a coursebook analysis.
- establish the analytical focus / question
- "in what ways does an EFL coursebook reproduce 'single stories', and in what ways does it challenge or diversify 'single stories'?
- Grasping the bigger picture
- What do you see when you look at the analytical unit for just a moment? In broad terms, name and categorize the components that make up the analytical unit (e.g., headline, images, written text, tasks, boxes, layout...).
- critical analysis
- Visibility, voice, agency (Who has names? who speaks? Who can bbe seen? Who has a message? Who acts and participates?
- call to action
- How can the material be adusted to bring cultural diversity and diverse perspectives into the material in order to move beyond and diversify single stories? What elements of the material should be kept because they function well?
1. Professional Engagement
2. Digital resources
3. Teaching and learning
4. Assesment
5. empowering learners
6. facilitating learners digital competence
What do you call the site that is supposed to help teachers with their digital competences?
European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators
- a supranational policy document issued
by the European Commission in 2017 - offers a clearly structured network of
digital competences that teachers can
develop to integrate digitalisation into their
classrooms - contains six major competence areas
and an overall set of 22 more fine-grained
digital competences - each of these competences is described
and articulated in the framework in the
fashion of ‘can do‘ statements - our main reference framework to guide
and orientate your competence
development
How many main areas does the DigCompEdu contain?
6
What is the challenge with the main areas of the DigCompEdu?
The competences are general in nature - and not articulated for a specific subect in mind.
How many sub-competences does the DigCompEdu contain?
22
What is the principle of backward design?
Backward design prioritizes the intended learning outcomes instead of topics to be covered. (Wiggins and McTighe, 2005) It is thus “backward” from traditional design because instead of starting with the content to be covered, the textbook to be used, or even the test to be passed, you begin with the goals.
How can the principle of backward design be connected to digitalisation and EFL Education?
- The first and main point to consider must always remain what EFL-specific competences you need to develop - and a second point to consider is how digitalisation can be brought into this demand to support or facilitate the development of EFL-specific competences. (backward design)
- Any exploration or apllication of the DIgCompEdu framework must therefore be coupled with the demands articulated in the EFL curricula of NRW (Kernlehrpläne).
What is Digital Citizenship Education?
Digital Citizenship Education (DCE) has emerged as a supranational priority, as has been strongly afirmed through recommendations issued by the council of Europe. This educational initiative seeks to empower younger citizens to participate actively and resposibly in a digital society and to foster their skills of using digital technologies effectively and critically.
Explain Task Typology.
"Aufgabentypologie für Inter- und transkulturelle Literaturdidaktik by Freitag-Hild (2010)"
- a specification of different task typen, each with a different purpose, e.g., Einstummungsaufgabe
- designed for cultural learning and working with Texts/literature
- the task types you choose need to be aligned with what the text offers
- no strict set of rules - no linear application: 'flexible buffet' - 'justified matches' - 'Orientierungshilfe'