Set of flashcards Neuro

Flashcards	16
Language	Deutsch
Category	Psychology
Level	University
Created / Updated	21.07.2025 / 21.07.2025
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Which of the following applies to the visual representations of depressed people?

observer perspective

high vividness

overgeneralization

impoverished positive ideas

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observer perspective

high vividness

overgeneralization

impoverished positive ideas

What applies to extinction learning?

relapse can occur after successful extinction learning.

if extinction learning was carried out in the reconsolidation window of fear memory, then it is most effective in the long term.

extinction learning does not create a new memory trace, but changes the existing trace.

during extinction learning, the conditioned stimulus is repeated for several sessions together with the unconditioned stimulus.

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relapse can occur after successful extinction learning.

if extinction learning was carried out in the reconsolidation window of fear memory, then it is most effective in the long term.

extinction learning does not create a new memory trace, but changes the existing trace.

during extinction learning, the conditioned stimulus is repeated for several sessions together with the unconditioned stimulus.

Which statements apply to REM sleep?

regulated by hypothalamus

occurs mainly in the second half of sleep

high serotonergic and adrenergic activity

during REM sleep, the minimum of cholinergic activity is reached in the course of the day

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regulated by hypothalamus

occurs mainly in the second half of sleep

high serotonergic and adrenergic activity

during REM sleep, the minimum of cholinergic activity is reached in the course of the day

Consolidation: which statements are true

memory is a linear process

memories of the past have similar characteristics to ideas about the future

retrieval makes the memory trace unstable

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memory is a linear process

memories of the past have similar characteristics to ideas about the future

retrieval makes the memory trace unstable

Which factors facilitate the recall of learning content?

context-specific memory

recall cues

reconsolidation ?

reconstructive process ?

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context-specific memory

recall cues

reconsolidation ?

reconstructive process ?

Which statement about the immune system and sleep is correct?

the immune system works independently of the sleep-wake cycle

Sleep deprivation after vaccinations can reduce their effectiveness

Lack of sleep weakens the immune defense

Deep sleep plays no special role in the consolidation of immune memory

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the immune system works independently of the sleep-wake cycle

Sleep deprivation after vaccinations can reduce their effectiveness

Lack of sleep weakens the immune defense

Deep sleep plays no special role in the consolidation of immune memory

Which statements about memory are true?

Suggestive questions can influence our memory.

Imagining the future has similar characteristics to remembering the past.

Memory contains all details about past experiences.

Memory is a linear process (encoding→consolidation→retrieval).

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Suggestive questions can influence our memory.

Imagining the future has similar characteristics to remembering the past.

Memory contains all details about past experiences.

Memory is a linear process (encoding→consolidation→retrieval).

Which of the following statements apply to depressive patients?

they experience memories increasingly from the first-person perspective

they derive greater emotional benefit from positive memories than non-depressed people

they focus on categorical aspects of the past

compared to healthy people, they remember situations that turned out worse than expected better

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they experience memories increasingly from the first-person perspective

they derive greater emotional benefit from positive memories than non-depressed people

they focus on categorical aspects of the past

compared to healthy people, they remember situations that turned out worse than expected better

Which of the following factors is advantageous to the encoding of learning material?

Organizing the content of learning material

Reduce self-reference to the learning material

Promote superficial processing

Visualize the learning material

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Organizing the content of learning material

Reduce self-reference to the learning material

Promote superficial processing

Visualize the learning material

What evidence is there that neural processes for episodic memory and imagining the future are similar? The processes ...

develop simultaneously in childhood

decrease simultaneously with age

are damaged at the same time

become less vivid and more abstract with increasing temporal distance from the present

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develop simultaneously in childhood

decrease simultaneously with age

are damaged at the same time

become less vivid and more abstract with increasing temporal distance from the present

How can positive autobiographical recall be improved?

Processing the reasons, meaning and consequences of memories increases the emotional impact?

By enriching with sensory, visual and affective details

By avoiding negative memories

This can be applied in everyday life using the loci method.

Processing the reasons, meaning and consequences of memories increases the emotional impact?

By enriching with sensory, visual and affective details

By avoiding negative memories

This can be applied in everyday life using the loci method.

Which statements about the circadian rhythm are correct?

Food is the strongest zeitgeber

Most hormones are not subject to a circadian rhythm

Attention and working memory capacity vary with the time of day

the circadian rhythm varies between individuals

Food is the strongest zeitgeber

Most hormones are not subject to a circadian rhythm

Attention and working memory capacity vary with the time of day

the circadian rhythm varies between individuals

Which statements about intrusive memories are true?

There are already differences in the processing of intrusive and non-intrusive traumatic memories during encoding.

Intrusive memories can be conceptualized as instances of faulty information processing.

Intrusive memories can be equated with very vivid autobiographical memories

Intrusive memories are associated with diminished sensory processing during the experience

There are already differences in the processing of intrusive and non-intrusive traumatic memories during encoding.

Intrusive memories can be conceptualized as instances of faulty information processing.

Intrusive memories can be equated with very vivid autobiographical memories

Intrusive memories are associated with diminished sensory processing during the experience

Which statements about sleep are true?

Sleep is characterized by a typical body posture

Sleep is a passive, uniform state

Sleep is characterized by homeostatic regulation

Sleep is characterized by an increased responsiveness to external stimuli

Sleep is characterized by a typical body posture

Sleep is a passive, uniform state

Sleep is characterized by homeostatic regulation

Sleep is characterized by an increased responsiveness to external stimuli

Which statements about treatments for sleep problems in mental illnesses are true?

In schizophrenia patients, the treatment of insomnia often leads to visual hallucinations.

In PTSD patients, behavioral therapy to treat insomnia can often lead to an improvement in symptoms

Treatment of insomnia with sleep restriction is indicated for all affective disorders.

In depressive patients, treatment of insomnia with VT is more effective in the long term than wakefulness therapy.

In schizophrenia patients, the treatment of insomnia often leads to visual hallucinations.

In PTSD patients, behavioral therapy to treat insomnia can often lead to an improvement in symptoms

Treatment of insomnia with sleep restriction is indicated for all affective disorders.

In depressive patients, treatment of insomnia with VT is more effective in the long term than wakefulness therapy.

Which statements about the relationship between sleep, ageing and neurodegeneration are true?

Gray matter decreases with age while the integrity of sleep remains the same

Older people have more sleep interruptions, which mainly affect REM sleep?

Sleep problems in old age can promote the development of neurodegenerative diseases

The better memory performance of younger people correlates with the lower occurrence of sleep spindles during sleep.

Gray matter decreases with age while the integrity of sleep remains the same

Older people have more sleep interruptions, which mainly affect REM sleep?

Sleep problems in old age can promote the development of neurodegenerative diseases

The better memory performance of younger people correlates with the lower occurrence of sleep spindles during sleep.

Neuro

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