English 3 Step 1

At this time tomorrow I'll be flying to…

… they'll installing our new kitchen.

… I'll have cleaned up the mess.

By the time we get there, the movie will have started.

the economy: world of commercial/business activity 

the economic situation/climate 

economics: analysis/study of the economy 

economist: specialist who analyzes/studies the economy 

The world is sometimes called the globe.

global economy: world economy 

The economy is becoming more international. This process is called globalization.

We live in an increasingly globalized world 

There are different economic opportunities and difficulties in different locations/places.

… consider where to locate their plants, offices 

Sometimes global companies relocate their plants to other countries.

The question of relocation is a major issue with regard to globalization

An employer is a company or individual that employs workers/employees.

In economics, the question of employment is an important issue.

People who can't find jobs are unemployed. 

In some places, unemployment is a big problem.

employ / employee / employed / employment 

at a given time: Mammoths became extinct 5' years ago. 

time is not mentioned: Many species of animals have become extinct.

started in the past and is continuing to happen: Since the dinosaurs died out, the climate has been changing constantly.

was happening in the past and has now finished: People lived while mammoths were walking the earth.

happened for a long time in the past, but has now finished: Some species of dinosaurs used to eat other dinosaurs.

endangered species: danger to becoming extinct 

reptiles: snakes, lizards 

mammal: animal that feeds milk to its young 

apes: monkeys, gorillas 

antelope: live in Africa, run fast to escape predators 

big cat: lions, tigers, leopards 

insects: six legs, flies, bees, ants 

rodent: mouse, rat

bird 

fish

one  -->   two 

sheep -> sheep

fish -> fish

deer -> deer (Hirsch)

mouse -> mice

goose -> geese (Gans)

- up-to-date: It's looks modern.

- out-of-date / old-fashioned: It's not modern at all.

- a state-of-the-art / cutting-edge: It's brand new.

- high-tech: It's full of the latest technology.

- out-of-the-ordinary: It's totally different from typical designs.

- a run-of-the-mill product: typical, ordinary design 

- looks down-to-earth: very simple and quite ordinary 

A hundred years ago, it used to /  would take longer to build a house. 

They never used to / didn't use to make windows with double glazing.

How did they use to cook in the days before electric and gas cookers?

The design has a lot of advantages. However, / Nevertheless, it also has some disadvantages.

It's a good design, although / even though it isn't perfect.

It's a good design. It isn't perfect, though.

The current model is looking old-fashioned. Therefore, it needs to be redesigned. -> connect two ideas 

The new model is better than the last one. What's more, it's cheaper than the old > two 

in the nineteen-nineties / in the nineties -> 1990-1999

they early 1990s

the mid-1990s

the late 1990s

I think she's in her ... / he's is in his ...

... twenties / early sixties / mid-forties / late thirties 

baby

toddler (2-3y)

child / childhood

teenager (13-19y)

youth / young adult

 middle-aged (40-64)

elderly (old person)

How did the incident happen?

How was it caused? / What caused it to happen? / What was it caused by?

What happened consequently? Consequences / effects / results

The incident caused / resulted in / led to several problems.

Several problems occurred because of / as a result of / due to / owing to the incident.

Some good things happened thanks to the incident.

forever 

in the foreseeable future / long-term (not soon)

shortly / before long  / short term (soon)

never-ending / here to stay (will never end)

in the near future / in the not-too-distant future 

It's lasted ages / donkey's years (a very long time)

Most of the time 

Very regularly, very frequently 

A lot of the time 

quite often, quite frequently, quite regularly 

pretty often, pretty frequently, pretty regularly 

fairly often, fairly frequently, fairly regularly 

Occasionally 

From time to time 

Every now and again/then

Once in a while 

quite rarely, quite seldom 

pretty rarely, pretty seldom 

fairly rarely, fairly seldom

Very seldom 

almost never 

Hardly ever 

I hardly ever ride my bike.

My ... is to be able to ...

I'm .... / I'd .... to be able to ...

speak English fluently.

understand almost everything.

I think...

In my opinion...

In my view...

I'd say that..

I would argue that..

Definitely / Absolutely / Certainly / I totally agree / That's very true 

I agree to an extent / I agree up to a point 

I'm not sure I agree.

Definitely not / Absolutely not / Certainly not / I totally disagree 

I went last year 

I was there for three weeks 

I stayed in Montreal for the first week.

I enjoyed it.

I flew from... to...

I took a night flight.

I traveled in economy class.

It was pretty tiring.

It was the most expensive meal I've ever had.

This is the coldest weather we've had so far this year.

It's the best laptop I've had to date.

... a lot / much / way / far / slightly / a little / a bit / a touch...

... better.

It's exceptional / incredible / unbelievable / remarkable / extraordinary 

It's wonderful / spectacular / breathtaking