05. Polymere
Carbohydrates Lipides Proteines Nuclein Acids
Carbohydrates Lipides Proteines Nuclein Acids
Bindung Nucleotides
Phosphodiester likages (Anhydrid Bindungen)
Bindung Fatty acids- glycerols
Esterlikages
Bindung Monosaccharides
Glycosidic likages
Purines
Adenine (II)
Guanine (III)
Pyrimidines
Cytosine (III)
Thymine/Uracil (II)
Nucleinsäure 5' / 3'
Phoshpatgruppe - 5' Sugar 3' - Phosphatgruppe
Nucleotide
Pentose sugar: Ribose or Deoxyribose
It is hard to predict a protein’s structure from its genetically determined amino acid sequence
How can we find out the structure?
- X-ray crystallography
- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Bioinformatics (compair with similar Proteins)
tertiär Struktur
Disulfid Brücken
Ionenbindung
Wasserstoffbrücken
Hydrophobe Wechselwirkung
Four Levels of Protein Structure
primary: sequence of amino acids
secondary: α-Helix β-pleated sheet
tertiary: interaction among side chains (R groups)
quaternary: multiple polypetide chains
Peptide Bond
patieller Doppelbindungscharakter
⇒ keine Rotation um C=N Bindung
Aminosäure mit Schwefel
Cystein (Cys)
Isomerie
- Konstitutionsisomerie
- Stereoisomerie
20 Amino Acid
Aminosäure
Chiralität L-Form
Steroids
- mombrane fluidity (Cholesterol)
- Hormones
Phospholipids
Membran
Fat
Glycerol + Fatty acid
Microfibril
In Cell walls
β - Glucose Polysaccharide
Cellulose
straight not helical! ⇒ hydrogen-bonds
Vorteil Glycogen (<--> Stärke)
Less space & more rapid liberation
α Glucose Polysaccarides (2)
Starch and Glycogen
Function of Polysaccharide...
Storage and Structure
Polymer Abbau
Hydrolysis (Hydration)
Polymer Bildung
Dehydration (condensation reaction)
The structure and function of a polysaccharide are determined by...
sugar monomers and position of glycosidic likages
Saccharose
Disaccharide
Maltose
Disaccharid
α und β Glucose
a-b Glucose
Ringbildung in Wässriger Lösung (Glucose)
C1 --> C5-OH
Monosaccharides with 6 C Atoms
Hexoxes
Monosaccharides with 5 C Atomes
Pentoses
Monosaccharides with 3 C Atoms
Trioses
Monosaccharides with a Keto Groupe
Ketoses
Monosaccharides with a Aldehyd Group
Aldoses
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Cartes-fiches
Bindung Nucleotides
Phosphodiester likages (Anhydrid Bindungen)
Bindung Fatty acids- glycerols
Esterlikages
Bindung Monosaccharides
Glycosidic likages
Purines
Adenine (II)
Guanine (III)
Pyrimidines
Cytosine (III)
Thymine/Uracil (II)
Nucleinsäure 5' / 3'
Phoshpatgruppe - 5' Sugar 3' - Phosphatgruppe
Nucleotide
Pentose sugar: Ribose or Deoxyribose
It is hard to predict a protein’s structure from its genetically determined amino acid sequence
How can we find out the structure?
- X-ray crystallography
- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- Bioinformatics (compair with similar Proteins)
tertiär Struktur
Disulfid Brücken
Ionenbindung
Wasserstoffbrücken
Hydrophobe Wechselwirkung
Four Levels of Protein Structure
primary: sequence of amino acids
secondary: α-Helix β-pleated sheet
tertiary: interaction among side chains (R groups)
quaternary: multiple polypetide chains
Peptide Bond
patieller Doppelbindungscharakter
⇒ keine Rotation um C=N Bindung
Aminosäure mit Schwefel
Cystein (Cys)
Isomerie
- Konstitutionsisomerie
- Stereoisomerie
20 Amino Acid
Aminosäure
Chiralität L-Form
Steroids
- mombrane fluidity (Cholesterol)
- Hormones
Phospholipids
Membran
Fat
Glycerol + Fatty acid
Microfibril
In Cell walls
β - Glucose Polysaccharide
Cellulose
straight not helical! ⇒ hydrogen-bonds
Vorteil Glycogen (<--> Stärke)
Less space & more rapid liberation
α Glucose Polysaccarides (2)
Starch and Glycogen
Function of Polysaccharide...
Storage and Structure
Polymer Abbau
Hydrolysis (Hydration)
Polymer Bildung
Dehydration (condensation reaction)
The structure and function of a polysaccharide are determined by...
sugar monomers and position of glycosidic likages
Saccharose
Disaccharide
Maltose
Disaccharid
α und β Glucose
a-b Glucose
Ringbildung in Wässriger Lösung (Glucose)
C1 --> C5-OH
Monosaccharides with 6 C Atoms
Hexoxes
Monosaccharides with 5 C Atomes
Pentoses
Monosaccharides with 3 C Atoms
Trioses
Monosaccharides with a Keto Groupe
Ketoses
Monosaccharides with a Aldehyd Group
Aldoses
