synchronic fickuistics
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hawk 2 a
Kartei Details
| Karten | 108 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | English |
| Kategorie | Englisch |
| Stufe | Universität |
| Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 07.02.2025 / 10.02.2025 |
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lexical semantics
concerned with the study of word meaning and thus differs from sentential (phrasal) semantics
syntagmatic semantics
combinations of words/phrases in a sentence
paradigmatic semantics
lexical alternatives, deals with semantic relations between these alternatives
binary antonymy
either-or relationship between terms (dead-alive)
relational antonymy
same situation from different perspectives (student-teacher)
gradable antonymy
two opposite poles of a continuum (cold vs. hot)
directional antonymy
change of directions (open vs. shut)
hyponymy
relationship between words that are subordinate to other words and vice versa (hypernym &hyponym & cohyponym)
meronymy
part-whole relationship (body > face > eyes) (holonym & meronym)
homophone
identical pronunciation, different spelling, different meaning (eight & ate)
homograph
different pronunciation, identical spelling, different meaning (lead & lead)
polysemy
identical pronunciation, identical spelling & related meaning (mole & mole)
homonymy
identical pronunciation, identical spelling & different meaning (bat & bat)
pragmatics
deals with what is meant context sensitive, speaker dependant meaning)
deixis
means of referring to context -> main focus of deixis (meaning in context/situation)
langage
human ability to speak
langue
language system, abstract
parole
language use, concrete
ferdinand de saussure
founding father of european structuralism, swiss linguist
the linguistic sign
core idea: language= system of signs, core unit is the linguistic sign, consists of two sides
signified
the concept represented
signifier
the form which the sign takes
symbol (charles sanders pierce)
a symbol has no resemblance between the signifier and signified at all. It is our framework of knowledge which helps us understand the meaning of these signs.
index (charles sanders pierce)
cause-effect relationship, This type of sign will show some sort physical relationship with what is represents and point towards its meaning
icon (charles sanders pierce)
physical/ visual connection
prescriptive linguistics
notion of correctness, focus on mistakes and errors, associated with education, main issue: may lead to discrimination
descriptive linguistics
neutral description of language, focus on linguistic analysis
synchronic linguistics
language at one specific point in time
diachronic linguistics
language through time
empirical linguistics
exploring natural human language with scientific methods
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