Aqeedah - Semster 1

ruling, that is no subject to doubts for the believer / the issues that are proven and definitive. that one holds in one‘s heart as true and does not doubt them

firm belief in Allah; his divinity, lordship, names and attributes

Belief in

1. his Angels, 

2. Books, 

3. Messengers, 

4. the Last Day,

5. his Decree, 

6. everything mentioned in the sound religious texts, 

7. matters of the unseen and what we are told about it

Righteousness is not that you turn your faces toward the east or the west, but true righteousness is in one who believes in Allah,the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets“ al-Baqarah 2:177

The Hadith of Umar ibn al-Khattab r.a., according to which Jibreel a.s. asked the Prophet saw about faith (imaan), and he said to him: „It is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His Messenger, and the Last Day, and to believe in the divine decree, both good and bad.“ Narrated by Muslim

1. it is the condition (sincerity) of righteous deeds being acceptable to Allah

2. it is the core message of all of the messengers; it was the first thing to which they called the people to

3. it is essential to the human being, more essential than air and water; without sound aqeedah humans cannot know the answers to the greatest questions in humanity (Where did Icome from? Why was I created? Where wil Igo after death? What is the outcome of not having an answer to these questions?)

4. it is a means of attaining a sense of security and guidance in this world and the hereafter

5. it is a means of abundant blessings coming from heaven and earth

1. it is clear and straightforward belief; no aspects of it are exclusively for the clergy to understand

2. it is a common-sense belief that is in harmony with human nature

3. it is a unchanging, timeless belief; nothing has been added or substracted for the whims or desires of rulers

4. it produces clear proof and evidence for every issue

5. it is a moderate belief, which does not go to any extremes, and in which there is no exaggeration or heedlessness (achtlosigkeit)

The noble Quran

- the Quran instructs us to follow its commands and forbis us to follow anything else (al-A‘raf 7:3)

- everything in it is sound and true (an-Nisa 4:122)

- it is protected from tampering and distortion (al-Hijr 15:9)

- it is the judge in which there is an explanation and clarification (al-An‘am 6:114)

- it is the criterion (AL-Furqan) that distinguishes between truth and falsehood (al-Furqan 25:1) 

- Allah instructed us to refer to it in the event of dispute or conflict (an-Nisa 4:59)

- It is the definitive word (at-Tariq 86:13-14)

The sound Prophetic Sunnah:

- sound (sahih) Prophetic Sunnah is that which is proven to be narrated from the Prophet via sound chain of narrators (isnad); including what is narrated from him of words, deeds or what he approved of

- many texts indicate that the Prophetic Sunnah constitutes of proof, and aqeedah must be taken from it:

„And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from“ - al-Hashr 59:7

„and obey Allah and his Messenger, if you should be believers“ al-Anfal 8:1

It was narrated that al-Miqdam ibn Ma‘di Karib al-Kindi r.a. said: The messenger of Allah saw said: „Indeed, i have been given the Quran and something like it with it.“ 

Narrated by Ahmad, classed as sahih by al-Arna‘ut.

„and something like it with it“ means the Sunnah.

the word salaf refers to the early group and what is past

1. Ahl as-Sunnah wa'l Jama'ah

- because of there adherence to the Sunnah 

- Al-Jama‘ah refers to the fact that they are all united (ijtama‘u) in  following the Sunnah

2. The saved sect: 

- they are saved from the Fire or from tribulations (Schwierigkeiten) by their adherence to the Sunnah

3. The prevailing (siegende) group:

    they will prevail until the onset of the Hour

1. Believing in, submitting and venerating the texts of the Quran and Sunnah

2. Putting together all the religious texts that speak or a particular issue, seeking to understand them in accordance with sound methodology 

3. Holding fast to the Quran and Sunnah as they are guidance and light

- the texts of the Quran and sahih Sunnah are the be understood with the understanding of the sahabah r.a. 

- if we can not find a text that explains another, then one has to refer to the language of the Arabs in order to unterstand the intended meanings of the texts of the Quran and Sunnah

- it is impossible for there to be a contradicition between a sound religious texts and sound reasoning (as the reasoning was sent down by the one who sent down the revelation)

- if there is anything thought to be a contradiction, then because the text or the reasoning is not sound and may be contaminated with whims and desires

1. Ignorance / lack of interest

2. Following the promoters of evil and leaders of misguidance

3. Following whims and desires

4. Exaggeration about the righteous (worship them, offering sacrifices...)

5. Blindly following parents, scholars, prominent figures, leaders... without evidence

6. Following paths of misguidance

7. Failing to pay attention to and reflect upon the verses of the Quran and Allah's signs in the universe

8. Arrogance (the main factor causing people turning away from the truth)

9. Following the Shaytan

as Samiri:

- a man from a people worshipping cows and neighbours of the children of Israel

- some of them lived at the time of Prophet Musa a.s.

- when Mzsa was went to meet his Lord on Jabal Tur, Samiri claimed the golden calf he made for them was their god

- as the wind blew through it, it caused a sound that cows make

- the children of Israel heard it and celebrated

- he misled the people or Musa a.s. by making them worship the calf

"Allah said: ‚But indeed, We have tried your people after you departed, and the Samiri has led them astray“ Ta-Ha 20:85

Amr ibn Aamir al-Khuza'i:

Amr ibn Aamir al-Khuza‘i:

It was narrated that Aisha r.a. said: "The Messenger of Allah saw said: I saw Hell, parts of it conusming other parts, and I saw Amr dragging his intestines, for he was the first one to introduce the custom of sa‘ibah.“ Narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim.

- the custom of the sa‘ibah is a system whereby they let a she-camel go wherever she wanted, without being ridden, barred from water sourcces or grazing land; as a fulfilment of a vow they made to their gods

- he was the first one to change the religion of Ismail by setting up idols and introducing the custom of sa‘ibah

extreme Rafidis:

they went against the principle of Ahl as-Sunnah in many matters, including following:

- rejecting the sahih Prophetic hadiths, which they reject on the basis of whims, desires and moods

- it inludes their rejection of the sahih hadiths of the Prophet saw in which he explains some matters of the unseen such as:

    the portents and signs of the Hour, including the Dajjal, the descent of Isa a.s. and the Mahdi:

- the Rafidis claim that the Mahdi exists at present, they are awaiting his emergence from the tunnel of Samurra; he is not meant here, cause that is a kind of nonsense and extreme confusion caused by the Shaytan, there is no rational proof for it

    the Mahdi is Muhammad ibn Abdillah al-Alawi al-Fatimi al-Hasani

- Allah will reform him in a night; forgiving his sins, support him, grant him undersanding and guide him after he was not like that

- he will support him with the people from the East who will help him to establish his dominion

- he is the one who is praised and it is promised that he will emerge at the end of the time

- allegiance will be sworn to him at the Sacred House and he will become the caliph of the Muslims