Set of flashcards Cognitive Psychology

Flashcards	114
Language	Deutsch
Category	Psychology
Level	University
Created / Updated	28.12.2024 / 31.12.2024
Weblink	https://card2brain.ch/box/20241228_cognitive_psychology
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between visual perception and visual imagery?

Visual imagery relies solely on the same neural pathways as visual perception, meaning the two processes are indistinguishable.

Visual imagery involves a subset of the neural networks engaged during visual perception but can be dissociated behaviorally and neurologically.

Visual perception and visual imagery are two entirely separate systems with no overlap in the neural substrates.

Visual perception activates the visual cortex, while visual imagery activates the auditory cortex.

Visual imagery relies solely on the same neural pathways as visual perception, meaning the two processes are indistinguishable.

Visual imagery involves a subset of the neural networks engaged during visual perception but can be dissociated behaviorally and neurologically.

Visual perception and visual imagery are two entirely separate systems with no overlap in the neural substrates.

Visual perception activates the visual cortex, while visual imagery activates the auditory cortex.

Which brain region is primarily involved in the generation of visual imagery and is also involved in visual perception?

Broca’s area

The occipital lobe (particularly the visual cortex)

The amygdala

The auditory cortex

Broca’s area

The occipital lobe (particularly the visual cortex)

The amygdala

The auditory cortex

In a study involving patients with brain lesions, patient A has damage to the occipital lobe and is unable to generate visual imagery, whereas patient B has damage to the parietal lobe and cannot accurately perceive visual stimuli. This pattern of results demonstrates:

A single dissociation between perception and imagery.

A double dissociation between perception and imagery.

A relationship in which visual perception depends entirely on visual imagery.

A failure of the brain to process visual stimuli in both perception and imagery.

A single dissociation between perception and imagery.

A double dissociation between perception and imagery.

A relationship in which visual perception depends entirely on visual imagery.

A failure of the brain to process visual stimuli in both perception and imagery.

Which of the following findings best supports the idea that perception and imagery are related but distinct processes?

Visual imagery and visual perception both show similar time courses when subjects perform corresponding tasks.

When subjects are asked to “zoom in” on an imagined object, this takes longer than when they perceive the object in the real world, suggesting a distinct system for imagery.

Both perception and imagery activate only the occipital cortex, without engaging other regions of the brain.

Imagery tasks always show greater activation in the ventral stream than perception tasks.

Visual imagery and visual perception both show similar time courses when subjects perform corresponding tasks.

When subjects are asked to “zoom in” on an imagined object, this takes longer than when they perceive the object in the real world, suggesting a distinct system for imagery.

Both perception and imagery activate only the occipital cortex, without engaging other regions of the brain.

Imagery tasks always show greater activation in the ventral stream than perception tasks.

Research on the neural substrates of visual imagery and perception suggests that:

Both perception and imagery recruit the same brain regions, with no significant differences in neural activation patterns.

Perception involves a greater role of the ventral stream (object recognition), while imagery engages the dorsal stream (spatial processing) more.

Perception is mainly associated with the dorsal stream, while imagery mainly involves the ventral stream.

Perception and imagery are both primarily associated with the prefrontal cortex, with minimal involvement of the occipital lobe.

Both perception and imagery recruit the same brain regions, with no significant differences in neural activation patterns.

Perception involves a greater role of the ventral stream (object recognition), while imagery engages the dorsal stream (spatial processing) more.

Perception is mainly associated with the dorsal stream, while imagery mainly involves the ventral stream.

Perception and imagery are both primarily associated with the prefrontal cortex, with minimal involvement of the occipital lobe.

A patient with a parietal lesion is asked to imagine walking through a familiar environment and describing the objects they encounter. The patient reports significant difficulty but can accurately identify objects when perceiving them in real life. This dissociation suggests that:

The parietal lobe is crucial for both perception and imagery of spatial information.

Visual imagery is only dependent on the occipital lobe, not the parietal lobe.

The patient’s difficulty lies in processing visual stimuli, not spatial information.

Spatial imagery relies on both the occipital and parietal lobes, but the occipital lobe is sufficient for object identification in perception.

The parietal lobe is crucial for both perception and imagery of spatial information.

Visual imagery is only dependent on the occipital lobe, not the parietal lobe.

The patient’s difficulty lies in processing visual stimuli, not spatial information.

Spatial imagery relies on both the occipital and parietal lobes, but the occipital lobe is sufficient for object identification in perception.

In an fMRI study comparing visual imagery to visual perception, which of the following patterns is most commonly observed?

Both visual imagery and perception show identical activation in the occipital cortex, with no differences in other regions.

Visual imagery activates additional frontal regions that are not as active during perception.

Only the parietal cortex is engaged during visual imagery, while the occipital cortex is only active during perception.

Visual perception activates the occipital cortex, while visual imagery activates the temporal cortex.

Both visual imagery and perception show identical activation in the occipital cortex, with no differences in other regions.

Visual imagery activates additional frontal regions that are not as active during perception.

Only the parietal cortex is engaged during visual imagery, while the occipital cortex is only active during perception.

Visual perception activates the occipital cortex, while visual imagery activates the temporal cortex.

In the context of mental rotation tasks (where participants imagine rotating objects in their mind), which of the following statements is true?

The mental rotation of objects relies exclusively on imagery without any overlap with perceptual processes.

Performance in mental rotation tasks is significantly faster when objects are perceived directly than when they are imagined, indicating the same neural mechanisms for both processes.

Mental rotation tasks do not involve the parietal cortex, which is crucial for both perception and imagery.

The response time in mental rotation tasks is the same whether participants are imagining objects or physically rotating them, suggesting no perceptual involvement.

The mental rotation of objects relies exclusively on imagery without any overlap with perceptual processes.

Performance in mental rotation tasks is significantly faster when objects are perceived directly than when they are imagined, indicating the same neural mechanisms for both processes.

Mental rotation tasks do not involve the parietal cortex, which is crucial for both perception and imagery.

The response time in mental rotation tasks is the same whether participants are imagining objects or physically rotating them, suggesting no perceptual involvement.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between visual imagery and working memory?

Visual imagery is a component of working memory specifically involved in the maintenance of spatial information.

Visual imagery is unrelated to working memory and involves different cognitive systems entirely.

Working memory exclusively involves verbal information, while visual imagery involves only spatial information.

Working memory and visual imagery are two distinct processes with no overlap in neural substrates.

Visual imagery is a component of working memory specifically involved in the maintenance of spatial information.

Visual imagery is unrelated to working memory and involves different cognitive systems entirely.

Working memory exclusively involves verbal information, while visual imagery involves only spatial information.

Working memory and visual imagery are two distinct processes with no overlap in neural substrates.

Which of the following statements is true about the cognitive load involved in visual imagery and working memory?

Both visual imagery and working memory involve passive processing of information with no active manipulation required.

Working memory requires active manipulation of information, while visual imagery involves only the storage of visual images without manipulation.

Visual imagery tasks are typically more demanding than working memory tasks because they involve sensory input.

Visual imagery and working memory both involve active manipulation of information, but visual imagery often takes longer due to the lack of sensory input.

Both visual imagery and working memory involve passive processing of information with no active manipulation required.

Working memory requires active manipulation of information, while visual imagery involves only the storage of visual images without manipulation.

Visual imagery tasks are typically more demanding than working memory tasks because they involve sensory input.

Visual imagery and working memory both involve active manipulation of information, but visual imagery often takes longer due to the lack of sensory input.

Which of the following is the primary difference between visual perception, working memory, and visual imagery?

Visual perception involves the real-time processing of sensory information, while working memory stores that information temporarily, and visual imagery involves mental simulation without sensory input.

Visual imagery relies on sensory feedback, while perception and working memory do not.

Visual perception and visual imagery are controlled by the same neural mechanisms, while working memory relies exclusively on the auditory cortex.

Working memory involves passive maintenance of information, while perception and imagery involve active manipulation of information.

Visual perception involves the real-time processing of sensory information, while working memory stores that information temporarily, and visual imagery involves mental simulation without sensory input.

Visual imagery relies on sensory feedback, while perception and working memory do not.

Visual perception and visual imagery are controlled by the same neural mechanisms, while working memory relies exclusively on the auditory cortex.

Working memory involves passive maintenance of information, while perception and imagery involve active manipulation of information.

Which of the following best describes how visual imagery and working memory interact when processing spatial information?

Visual imagery relies entirely on the phonological loop of working memory for processing spatial information.

Spatial information in working memory is processed using the visuospatial sketchpad, which is also involved in visual imagery.

The central executive of working memory processes both spatial and visual information equally.

Visual imagery and spatial working memory are processed in different regions of the brain with no overlap.

Visual imagery relies entirely on the phonological loop of working memory for processing spatial information.

Spatial information in working memory is processed using the visuospatial sketchpad, which is also involved in visual imagery.

The central executive of working memory processes both spatial and visual information equally.

Visual imagery and spatial working memory are processed in different regions of the brain with no overlap.

Which of the following best distinguishes visual imagery from perception in terms of cognitive processing?

Visual imagery is based on real-time sensory input, while perception involves mentally simulated representations of visual stimuli.

Perception and visual imagery are identical processes, involving the same neural pathways and cognitive resources

Visual imagery involves the retrieval of stored mental representations of visual stimuli, whereas perception is based on sensory feedback and direct environmental interaction.

Perception is influenced by top-down processing, while visual imagery is driven exclusively by bottom-up processing.

Visual imagery is based on real-time sensory input, while perception involves mentally simulated representations of visual stimuli.

Perception and visual imagery are identical processes, involving the same neural pathways and cognitive resources

Visual imagery involves the retrieval of stored mental representations of visual stimuli, whereas perception is based on sensory feedback and direct environmental interaction.

Perception is influenced by top-down processing, while visual imagery is driven exclusively by bottom-up processing.

Which of the following best explains how attention influences visual imagery tasks?

Attention automatically enhances the clarity and detail of visual images in the mind, without requiring conscious effort.

Attention is not involved in visual imagery since the mind operates subconsciously when creating and maintaining mental images.

Attention modulates the quality and focus of visual imagery, influencing the vividness and detail of the mental image.

Visual imagery is independent of attention and operates using a separate cognitive system from other attentional processes.

Attention automatically enhances the clarity and detail of visual images in the mind, without requiring conscious effort.

Attention is not involved in visual imagery since the mind operates subconsciously when creating and maintaining mental images.

Attention modulates the quality and focus of visual imagery, influencing the vividness and detail of the mental image.

Visual imagery is independent of attention and operates using a separate cognitive system from other attentional processes.

Which of the following best differentiates how attention operates in perception compared to visual imagery?

In perception, attention is driven by bottom-up processes, while in visual imagery, attention is controlled voluntarily to enhance or focus on certain features of the image.

Attention is only required in perception to guide sensory input, while visual imagery automatically attends to the most relevant features of an imagined scene.

Attention plays no role in visual imagery but is crucial in perception for selecting and filtering sensory information.

Attention in visual imagery and perception operates in the same manner, with both systems automatically focusing on the most important information.

In perception, attention is driven by bottom-up processes, while in visual imagery, attention is controlled voluntarily to enhance or focus on certain features of the image.

Attention is only required in perception to guide sensory input, while visual imagery automatically attends to the most relevant features of an imagined scene.

Attention plays no role in visual imagery but is crucial in perception for selecting and filtering sensory information.

Attention in visual imagery and perception operates in the same manner, with both systems automatically focusing on the most important information.

How did Donders (1868) accomplish that the mind is measurable?

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

He measured the simple reaction time of a task and also the choice reaction time. Therefore he could determine with the subtractive logic, how long it took to make a decision.

What did Hermann Ebbinghaus (1855/1913) revealed in his self- experiments?

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

He learnt lists of 13 nonsense syllables, and counted the numbers of attempts to recall list correctly after different intervals of time. He wanted to examine the course of forgetting= memory drops within first two days. Memory could be quantified.

Damage to the temporal cortex would likely cause...

difficulties understanding an object’s position in space and reaching for it.

impairments in low-level vision (detecting lines and edges).

damage to specific visual field regions.

difficulties identifying objects.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

difficulties understanding an object’s position in space and reaching for it.

impairments in low-level vision (detecting lines and edges).

damage to specific visual field regions.

difficulties identifying objects.

Which mechanism can account for the existence of negative afterimages?

Firing rate of end-stopped cells

Selective adaptation

Mental chronometry

None of the above

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

Firing rate of end-stopped cells

Selective adaptation

Mental chronometry

None of the above

According to the Young-Helmholtz theory, colour perception is based on...

trichromacy.

opponent colours.

colour contrast.

tritanomaly.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

trichromacy.

opponent colours.

colour contrast.

tritanomaly.

By definition, overt attention includes ________ whereas covert attention does not.

exogenous cues

eye movements

endogenous cues

an attentional spotlight

exogenous cues

eye movements

endogenous cues

an attentional spotlight

Conjunction searches are less efficient than feature searches because they require...

covert attention.

syntactic guidance.

feature binding.

semantic guidance.

covert attention.

syntactic guidance.

feature binding.

semantic guidance.

Testing the duration of short-term memory in multi-trial studies is difficult due to...

the word length effect.

proactive interference.

retroactive interference.

delayed partial report.

the word length effect.

proactive interference.

retroactive interference.

delayed partial report.

Which of the following is a limitation of analytic introspection?

It is subjective and relies on self-report, which may not be reliable

It is not based on conscious experiences

It emphasizes unconscious processes

It requires the use of highly specialised equipment

It is subjective and relies on self-report, which may not be reliable

It is not based on conscious experiences

It emphasizes unconscious processes

It requires the use of highly specialised equipment

Which of the following best describes the method of analytic introspection?

A technique where participants focus on their behavioural responses to stimuli

The process of observing and describing one’s own conscious experiences in response to stimuli

A method of gathering data through objective measurements

A technique used to study the unconscious mind.

A technique where participants focus on their behavioural responses to stimuli

The process of observing and describing one’s own conscious experiences in response to stimuli

A method of gathering data through objective measurements

A technique used to study the unconscious mind.

Cognitive Psychology

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