Operational Procedures - AC

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This flashcard set covers advanced operational procedures for aircraft, tailored for university-level students. It focuses on critical aspects such as landing, approach, and managing various flight conditions like turbulence, wind shear, and wake turbulence. The set also addresses emergency procedures, fire management, and noise abatement techniques. Pilots and aviation students will benefit from this comprehensive overview, enhancing their understanding of safe and efficient flight operations.

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Lernende

Sprache

Englisch

Kategorie

Technik

Stufe

Universität

Erstellt / Aktualisiert

25.12.2024 / 08.01.2025

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The term "flight time" is defined as...

the total time from the first aircraft movement until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight.

the period from the start of the take-off run to the final touchdown when landing.

the total time from the first take-off until the last landing in conjunction with one or more consecutive flights.

the period from engine start for the purpose of taking off to leaving the aircraft after engine shutdown.

What should be considered regarding a scheduled flight over water, when land cannot be reached in case of an emergency landing?

For all passengers there must be life jackets or lifeboats present

Contact to the nearest ATC shall consist during the whole flight

The flight plan has to contain the exact waypoints

Transponder code 7600 has to be set during the whole flight

Which of the items below may have an influence on the noise perceived by a person on the ground?

1) Engine power setting

2) Propeller revolutions per minute

3) Position of the landing gear

4) Flap position

5) Flight track

6) Height above ground

7) Flight rules

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

1, 5, 6

1, 5, 6, 7

3, 4, 5, 6, 7

How can the pilot of an engine-driven aircraft minimise the noise emission during descent and approach?

High approach with minimum power setting, late descent, late configuration, adherence to established arrival routes

Low approach with minimum power setting, late configuration and steep approach, adherence to established arrival routes

Normal approach with normal power setting, configuration prior to initiating descent, shortest possible arrival route

Descent and approach in landing configuration while maintaining a descent angle of 3°, direct approach whenever possible

When should turns at low altitudes above villages be avoided with regard to noise abatement procedures?

In descent

In horizontal flight

In climb

During the approach

How should departures near villages be carried out?

Low and fast between the villages

Slow with a low propeller rotation speed

Villages should be circumnavigated and crossed in a sufficient altitude

Climb and changes in direction should be done as slow as possible

Which kind of engine is susceptible to carburettor fire?

Piston engines

Electric motors

Turbine engines

Turboprop engines

Why is it dangerous to pump the throttle for engine start in cold weather?

It may cause a carburettor fire

Carburettor icing can occur

The oil will become diluted

The engine might start with not enough power

Which danger exists during engine start?

Sparking

Cable fire

Carburettor fire

Smoke emission

May an engine, which previously was on fire, be restarted?

No, the risk of a reignition of the fire would be too high

Yes, if the aircraft is flying at a safe altitude

Yes, but only on the ground for the purpose of taxiing

Yes, but only if the cause of the fire was a carburettor fire during engine start

Which gas is most dangerous during an engine fire?

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Carbon monoxide

Carbon dioxide

How is a halon fire extinguisher used correctly?

Disarm the safeguard. Hold upright. From a distance of 1 m to 1.5 m aim at the source of the fire and activate the trigger.

Disarm the safeguard. Hold upright. Bring the nozzle as closely as possible to the source of the fire and activate the trigger.

Disarm the safeguard. Hold horizontally. Bring the nozzle as closely as possible to the source of the fire and activate the trigger.

Disarm the safeguard. Hold horizontally. From a distance of 1 m to 1.5 m aim at the source of the fire and activate the trigger.

Which precautions need to be taken when a halon fire extinguisher is used inside an aircraft cabin?

The extinguishing agent may decompose into poisonous components when heated; therefore the aircraft cabin must be ventilated well

Halon has a cooling effect. Once the fire has been extinguished, the source of the fire should not be cooled down further using non-flammable liquids

Halon suffocates the fire and additionally has a cooling effect. Aircraft occupants should be protected against the resulting cold and hypoxia

Halon fire extinguishers must be emptied in one single swell to avoid that the residual halon forms toxic components

Smoke enters the cockpit during an engine fire. Which actions have to be taken immediately?

Switching off the heating and the ventilating system

Switching off the master switch and the ignition

Switching off the avionics and the cabin lighting

Switching off the pitot and front window heating

What should be the first action in case of a cable fire during a flight?

Turn off the master switch

Close the fuel valve

Open the windows

Open cabin ventilation

What extinguishing agent is the least suitable for an aircraft fire?

Foam

Powder

Water

Halon

In flight, a little smoke emerges from behind the instrument panel. An electrical fire is suspected. Which action, with respect to the pilot's operating manual, should be taken?

Turn off the master switch

Turn off the heat

Shut down the engine

Use the fire extinguisher

In flight, a little smoke emerges from behind the instrument panel. An engine fire is suspected. Which action, with respect to the pilot's operating manual, should be taken?

Turn off the master switch

Turn off the heat

Shut down the engine

Use the fire extinguisher

A wind shear is...

a slow increase of the wind speed in altitudes above 13000 ft.

a meteorological downslope wind phenomenon in the alps.

a vertical or horizontal change of wind speed and wind direction.

a wind speed change of more than 15 kt.

When do you expect wind shear?

When passing a warm front

During an inversion

In calm wind in cold weather

During a summer day with calm winds

During an approach the aeroplane experiences a windshear with a decreasing headwind. If the pilot does not make any corrections, how do the approach path and the true airspeed (TAS) change?

Path is lower, TAS decreases

Path is higher, TAS decreases

Path is lower, TAS increases

Path is higher, TAS increases

During an approach the aeroplane experiences a windshear with an increasing headwind. If the pilot does not make any corrections, how do the approach path and the true airspeed (TAS) change?

Path is lower, TAS decreases

Path is higher, TAS decreases

Path is lower, TAS increases

Path is higher, TAS increases

During an approach the aeroplane experiences a windshear with a decreasing tailwind. If the pilot does not make any corrections, how do the approach path and the true airspeed (TAS) change?

Path is lower, TAS decreases

Path is higher, TAS increases

Path is lower, TAS increases

Path is higher, TAS decreases

After take-off an aeroplane gets into a wind shear with decreasing headwind. As a result...

the aeroplane flies above the estimated climb path.

the true airspeed (TAS) will increase.

the aeroplane flies below the estimated climb path.

the ground speed (GS) will decrease.

Which phenomenon may be expected at point 2 of the microburst? See figure (OPR-001)

Decrease of climb rate

Increase of airspeed

Decrease of descent rate

Constant rate of descent

Which phenomenon may be expected at point 3 of the microburst? See figure (OPR-001)

Decrease in airspeed

Increase in airspeed

Decrease in climb rate

Constant rate of descent

How can a wind shear encounter in flight be avoided?

Avoid take-off and landing during the passage of heavy showers or thunderstorms

Avoid areas of precipitation, particularly during winter, and choose low flight altitudes

Avoid thermally active areas, particularly during summer, or stay below these areas

Avoid take-offs and landings in mountainous terrain and stay in flat country whenever possible

What action should be taken when entering a windshear?

1. Reduce speed

2. Retract gear and flaps

3. Maintain current configuration

4. Adjust thrust

1 and 2

3 and 4

1 and 3

2 and 4

After lift-off, a much stronger than expected airspeed rise is experienced during the initial climb phase. What may be expected if the aeroplane entered a microburst?

A decreased climb rate and airspeed

An increased climb rate and airspeed

An increased climb rate and decreased airspeed

A decreased climb rate and increased airspeed

Immediately after lift-off, a microburst is entered inadvertently. Which action might avoid an unintentional descent?

Set maximum power, maintain present aircraft configuration, climb at the best rate of climb speed

Set maximum power, retract landing gear and flaps, increase pitch until attaining optimum climb speed

Set maximum power, maintain present aircraft configuration, pick up speed in an attempt to leave the area of the microburst as fast as possible

Set maximum power, retract landing gear and flaps, pick up speed and perform a left or a right turn in an attempt to leave the area of the microburst on the shortest way

Wake turbulences develop during take-off just as the aeroplane...

accelerates.

reaches an altitude of 15 ft.

lifts off with the front gear.

lifts off with the main gear.

Wake turbulence is caused by...

pressure compensation at the wingtip of an aerofoil.

jet blast behind a turbine engine.

wind shear at the wingtip of an aerofoil.

turbulence at the downwind side of a mountain range.

Wake turbulence is particularly strong...

when flying at low speeds.

when flying at high speeds.

when flying at high altitudes.

when flying at low altitudes.

Wake turbulence is particularly strong...

at a high aeroplane weight.

at a low aeroplane weight.

when flying with high thrust.

when flying with low thrust.

The intensity of wake turbulence depends on...

the size of the aeroplane.

the propeller pitch.

the weight of the aeroplane.

the altitude of the aeroplane.

Two aircraft of the same type, same gross weight and same airspeed fly with different configurations. Which aircraft will cause more severe wake turbulence?

The aircraft in clean configuration

The aircraft in landing configuration

The aircraft flying at a higher altitude

The aircraft flying at a lower altitude

A light aircraft intends to land behind a commercial airliner belonging to wake turbulence category "medium" or "heavy" on a long runway. How can the wake turbulence of the commercial aircraft be avoided?

By making a steep approach and a long landing, touching down behind the touchdown point of the airliner's nose gear

By making a shallow approach and a very short landing. The light aircraft should be able to stop before reaching the airliner's touchdown point

By making a shallow approach and a long landing, touching down behind the touchdown point of the airliner's nose gear

By making a steep approach and a very short landing. The light aircraft should be able to stop before reaching the airliner's touchdown point

What should be observed when taxiing behind a commercial airliner?

To avoid the jet blast, a minimum distance of 200 m should be maintained

To avoid the jet blast, a minimum distance of 600 m should be maintained

To avoid wake turbulence, a minimum distance of 300 m should be maintained

To avoid wake turbulence, a minimum distance of 700 m should be maintained

Which method is appropriate to approach an unprepared landing field?

Steep approach to keep the noise level low

Terrain investigation to determine approach points and landing

Flat direct approach to ensure visual ground contact

Fast approach, performance check, and landing within a quick stop

Which area is suitable for an off-field landing?

Plowed field

Sports area in a village

Harvested cornfield

Glade with long dry grass

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