Set of flashcards PPIR

Flashcards	32
Language	English
Category	Psychology
Level	University
Created / Updated	05.01.2023 / 05.01.2023
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Recall the link between positive interpersonal relationships and
physical and mental health. Please indicate the correct point:

The better the interpersonal relationship, the more likely you are to exercise to one effect or another

The more interpersonal relationships, the more likely you are to get sick

The greater the social support, the greater the well-being

The relationship between interpersonal relationships and health is not empirically supported.

The better the interpersonal relationship, the more likely you are to exercise to one effect or another

The more interpersonal relationships, the more likely you are to get sick

The greater the social support, the greater the well-being

The relationship between interpersonal relationships and health is not empirically supported.

Which of the following conflict resolution strategies would be
most likely among a highly satisfied couple:

Exit and neglect

Voice and Loyalty

Negligence and voice

Loyalty and exit

Exit and neglect

Voice and Loyalty

Negligence and voice

Loyalty and exit

According to the prototypical approach to the study of love, which
of the following sentences is NOT correct:

People identify different types of love, some more important than others.

People tend to agree on which types of love are most representative

Core love types help differentiate love relationships.

There are clear distinctions between the different types of love

People identify different types of love, some more important than others.

People tend to agree on which types of love are most representative

Core love types help differentiate love relationships.

There are clear distinctions between the different types of love

According to Levigner's ABCDE model, the predictors of
commitment to a partner or relationship:

Change in the way both partners communicate

No investments

The inability of the other person to make self-revelations.

Change in the way both partners communicate

No investments

The inability of the other person to make self-revelations.

According to Rusbult's Commitment Theory, which of the
following is a predictor of structural commitment to a partner or
relationship:

Attitude towards the relationship

Religious Beliefs

Social Support

Satisfaction with the relationship

Attitude towards the relationship

Religious Beliefs

Social Support

Satisfaction with the relationship

According to Interdependence Theory (Thibaut & Kelley, 1974) the
perception of a current relationship as more positive than past
relationships, accompanied by the perception of several positive
alternatives to the current relationship, leads to:

Satisfaction and instability in the relationship.

Satisfaction and stability in the relationship.

Dissatisfaction and instability in the relationship.

Dissatisfaction and stability in the relationship.

Satisfaction and instability in the relationship.

Satisfaction and stability in the relationship.

Dissatisfaction and instability in the relationship.

Dissatisfaction and stability in the relationship.

Of the following factors, which one(s) is (are) negatively correlated
with commitment in the relationship

Femininity

Perception of similarity with the partner.

Lack of social support.

Femininity

Perception of similarity with the partner.

Lack of social support.

For Asch (1946), personality impressions have a holistic nature and..

All strokes contribute equally to the impression, regardless of their order of presentation

All strokes contribute equally to the impression, depending on the order in which it is presented.

Not all strokes contribute in the same way to the impression, but their meaning is unique and independent of context

None of the above.

All strokes contribute equally to the impression, regardless of their order of presentation

All strokes contribute equally to the impression, depending on the order in which it is presented.

Not all strokes contribute in the same way to the impression, but their meaning is unique and independent of context

None of the above.

Recalling the assumptions of Anderson's information integration approach, imagine
you have a new boyfriend/girlfriend and you want your parents to form a positive
impression about him/her. Since you have already mentioned 2 extremely positive
traits

ccording to the summation model, it is better not to mention 2 moderately positive traits

According to the summation model, it is better to also mention the moderately positive traits

According to the average model, it is better to mention the moderately positive traits as well

The predictions of both models advise mentioning the moderately positive traits.

ccording to the summation model, it is better not to mention 2 moderately positive traits

According to the summation model, it is better to also mention the moderately positive traits

According to the average model, it is better to mention the moderately positive traits as well

The predictions of both models advise mentioning the moderately positive traits.

The effect of illusory correlations described by Hamilton & Rose (1976) concerns:

Tendency to recall more behaviors incongruent than congruent with an initial expectation.

Tendency to recall fewer incongruent behaviors than congruent with an initial expectation

Tendency to overestimate the occurrence of incongruent behaviors compared to those congruent with an initial expectation

Tendency to underestimate the occurrence of incongruent behaviors compared to those congruent with an initial expectation

Tendency to recall more behaviors incongruent than congruent with an initial expectation.

Tendency to recall fewer incongruent behaviors than congruent with an initial expectation

Tendency to overestimate the occurrence of incongruent behaviors compared to those congruent with an initial expectation

Tendency to underestimate the occurrence of incongruent behaviors compared to those congruent with an initial expectation

Interdependence theory (Thibaut & Kelley, 1974) holds that people are happiest in
relationships when:

The rewards and costs of the relationship for the person are similar to the rewards and costs for the partner

The perceived rewards of the relationship equal the perceived costs

Actual rewards and relationship costs exceed perceived rewards and costs

The perceived rewards of the relationship exceed the perceived costs

The rewards and costs of the relationship for the person are similar to the rewards and costs for the partner

The perceived rewards of the relationship equal the perceived costs

Actual rewards and relationship costs exceed perceived rewards and costs

The perceived rewards of the relationship exceed the perceived costs

Self-revelations in friendship relationships

They have a direct and linear effect on the evolution of the degree of intimacy in the relationship

They induce attraction and therefore make relationships evolve to a greater intimate level

They are especially rare in male-friendship relationships

Induce reciprocity to a certain degree of intimac

They have a direct and linear effect on the evolution of the degree of intimacy in the relationship

They induce attraction and therefore make relationships evolve to a greater intimate level

They are especially rare in male-friendship relationships

Induce reciprocity to a certain degree of intimac

According to Hazan and Shavor (1987), the presence of distinct attachment styles
predisposes individuals to different love experiences.More specifically, and
compared to the other styles, people with avoidant attachment styles:

They are happier with the absence of love relationships

Are less jealous of their partner

They are more frightened by moments of intimacy

They fall in love more at first sight

They are happier with the absence of love relationships

Are less jealous of their partner

They are more frightened by moments of intimacy

They fall in love more at first sight

The Relationship Belief Inventory (Epstein & Eidelson, 1982) assesses the
irrational beliefs people hold about their love relationships. Which of the
following statements does not correspond to an irrational belief?

People never change

Arguing and disagreeing with your partner is negative for the relationship

There are no great differences between men and women in terms of their relational needs

For a relationship to work, the couple's sex life must be perfect

People never change

Arguing and disagreeing with your partner is negative for the relationship

There are no great differences between men and women in terms of their relational needs

For a relationship to work, the couple's sex life must be perfect

According to Johnson's (1991, 1999) commitment theory, which of the following is a
predictor of structural commitment to a partner or relationship?

Attitude towards the relationship

Religious Beliefs

Availability of alternatives to the relationship

Satisfaction with the relationship

Attitude towards the relationship

Religious Beliefs

Availability of alternatives to the relationship

Satisfaction with the relationship

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the area of
social cognition?

Only directly acquired information about others influences the impression we build about their personality

It is an area of social psychology that studies how we think about and process information about others

It is influenced by cognitive psychology at both theoretical and methodological levels.

The pre-existing knowledge structure can imply bias in the inferences we make about someone

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

Only directly acquired information about others influences the impression we build about their personality

It is an area of social psychology that studies how we think about and process information about others

It is influenced by cognitive psychology at both theoretical and methodological levels.

The pre-existing knowledge structure can imply bias in the inferences we make about someone

Bruner and Tagiuri (1954), suggest that the impressions
we form of other people are subject to several biases.
Namely, the "halo effect" ...

t refers to the tendency for us to evaluate people consistently with a general first impression, which is more pronounced when the traits to be judged are ambiguous.

It refers to the tendency for us to evaluate people consistently with a general first impression, which is less pronounced when place traits are ambiguous

It refers to the tendency to positively evaluate others (and ourselves), which is more pronounced when traits to judge are ambiguous.

It refers to the tendency to positively evaluate others (and ourselves), which is less pronounced when traits to judge are ambiguous.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

t refers to the tendency for us to evaluate people consistently with a general first impression, which is more pronounced when the traits to be judged are ambiguous.

It refers to the tendency for us to evaluate people consistently with a general first impression, which is less pronounced when place traits are ambiguous

It refers to the tendency to positively evaluate others (and ourselves), which is more pronounced when traits to judge are ambiguous.

It refers to the tendency to positively evaluate others (and ourselves), which is less pronounced when traits to judge are ambiguous.

For Asch (1946), personality impressions possess a holistic
nature, namely that..

The contribution of different strokes to the impression depends on their order of presentation

The interpretation of a given trait depends on the context created by the other traits presented

Not all strokes contribute in the same way to the impression

All of the above.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

The contribution of different strokes to the impression depends on their order of presentation

The interpretation of a given trait depends on the context created by the other traits presented

Not all strokes contribute in the same way to the impression

All of the above.

According to the results obtained by Rosenberg and
colleagues (1968), it is more likely to infer that...

A hardworking person is also determined.

A sincere person is also unpopular.

A competent person is also dishonest

A nice person is also intelligent.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

A hardworking person is also determined.

A sincere person is also unpopular.

A competent person is also dishonest

A nice person is also intelligent.

According to the reinterpretation of Asch's (1946) results proposed
by Rosenberg and colleagues (1968), the traits "Cool" and "Warm"
...

They organize the impressions in the traces of the intellectual dimension

They organize the impressions of the traits in the social dimension.

They organize the impressions of the positive valence traces.

They organize the impressions of the negative valence traces.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

They organize the impressions in the traces of the intellectual dimension

They organize the impressions of the traits in the social dimension.

They organize the impressions of the positive valence traces.

They organize the impressions of the negative valence traces.

Recalling the assumptions of Anderson's information integration
approach, imagine you have a new boyfriend/girlfriend and you
want your parents to form a positive impression of him/her.
Since you have already mentioned two of his extremely positive
traits...

According to the average model, it is better not to mention the moderately positive traits.

The predictions of both models advise mentioning the moderately positive traits.

The predictions of both models advise against mentioning the moderately positive traits.

According to the summation model, it is better not to mention the moderately positive traits.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

According to the average model, it is better not to mention the moderately positive traits.

The predictions of both models advise mentioning the moderately positive traits.

The predictions of both models advise against mentioning the moderately positive traits.

According to the summation model, it is better not to mention the moderately positive traits.

For Hamilton and Gifford (1976) the effect of illusory correlations
within stereotypical judgments is due to the fact that...

Members of majority groups tend to exhibit desirable behaviors more often.

Members of minority groups tend to exhibit undesirable behavior more often

Interactions with minority group members are less frequent and undesirable behaviors are more distinctive.

Interactions with minority group members are less frequent and undesirable behaviors are less distinctive.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

Members of majority groups tend to exhibit desirable behaviors more often.

Members of minority groups tend to exhibit undesirable behavior more often

Interactions with minority group members are less frequent and undesirable behaviors are more distinctive.

Interactions with minority group members are less frequent and undesirable behaviors are less distinctive.

According to the so-called people memory model (or Hastie-
Srull model):

A person's acerbic information is represented in memory in an associative network, with all associative links being equivalent in strength.

Information about a person is represented in memory in an associative network, and associative links can vary in strength.

It is information about a person is represented in memory in terms of personality traits that are correlated related in a two-dimensional space

The model is silent about the format of the memory representation of information about people.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

A person's acerbic information is represented in memory in an associative network, with all associative links being equivalent in strength.

Information about a person is represented in memory in an associative network, and associative links can vary in strength.

It is information about a person is represented in memory in terms of personality traits that are correlated related in a two-dimensional space

The model is silent about the format of the memory representation of information about people.

According to Hamilton, Katz and Leiner (1980) the integration of
information into an associative network is reflected in recall. In
particular, recall will be higher when participants are told...

That they should try to memorize the target person's behaviors.

That there will be a memory test at the end of the experiment.

That they should try to form impressions about the target person based on their behaviors

All of the above

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

That they should try to memorize the target person's behaviors.

That there will be a memory test at the end of the experiment.

That they should try to form impressions about the target person based on their behaviors

All of the above

According to the evidence detected by Hamilton and Rose (1976),
if we receive information concerning a target person who is a
"librarian," we are more likely to...

Our personality judgment includes the trait "extrovert" as this information violates our expectations of this professional group.

Our personality judgment includes the trait "shy" as this information violates our expectations of this professional group.

Our personality judgment includes the trait "extrovert" as this information supports our expectations of this professional group.

Our personality judgment includes the trait "shy" as this information supports our expectations of this professional group.

Keyboard commands:

= turn,

= for-/backward,

= scroll

Our personality judgment includes the trait "extrovert" as this information violates our expectations of this professional group.

Our personality judgment includes the trait "shy" as this information violates our expectations of this professional group.

Our personality judgment includes the trait "extrovert" as this information supports our expectations of this professional group.

Our personality judgment includes the trait "shy" as this information supports our expectations of this professional group.

Imagine you have a friend who you consider extremely intelligent.
One day you observe him cleaning his computer with alcohol in
order to eliminate a virus According to Hastie and Kumar (1979)
you are likely to remember this episode because...

Due to a comparative process, congruent items tend to be more densely interconnected with the other information in the memory.

Due to a comparative process, incongruent items tend to be more densely interconnected with the rest of the information in memory.

Incongruent items are more easily processed because they meet prior expectations.

Congruent items are more easily processed because they violate prior expectations.

Due to a comparative process, congruent items tend to be more densely interconnected with the other information in the memory.

Due to a comparative process, incongruent items tend to be more densely interconnected with the rest of the information in memory.

Incongruent items are more easily processed because they meet prior expectations.

Congruent items are more easily processed because they violate prior expectations.

Garcia-Marques & Hamilton (1996) compatibilized the effects
of incongruence and illusory correlations. In the TRAP model,
these authors suggest that:

Different recovery mechanisms produce one or another effect

Different encoding mechanisms produce one or another effect.

Different types of information produce one or another effect.

Different processing targets produce one or another effect

Different recovery mechanisms produce one or another effect

Different encoding mechanisms produce one or another effect.

Different types of information produce one or another effect.

Different processing targets produce one or another effect

Recall the phenomenon of interpersonal attraction and indicate
the correct point:

Interpersonal attraction is not based on personal motivations.

Interpersonal attraction is reinforced by negative affect.

Interpersonal attraction is explained by the instrumentality of others.

Interpersonal attraction can only occur in open fields.

Interpersonal attraction is not based on personal motivations.

Interpersonal attraction is reinforced by negative affect.

Interpersonal attraction is explained by the instrumentality of others.

Interpersonal attraction can only occur in open fields.

According to some theories, which may help distinguish between
a love relationship and a friendship relationship:

There are no great differences because both have an affective dimension.

They differ because the love relationship has a sexual component

They differ because the friendship relationship has a companionship component.

There are no differences because both have a dimension of intimacy

There are no great differences because both have an affective dimension.

They differ because the love relationship has a sexual component

They differ because the friendship relationship has a companionship component.

There are no differences because both have a dimension of intimacy

According to the Triangular Theory of Love (Sternberg, 1998)
Romantic Love is characterized by:

Lots of intimacy and commitment, but little passion

Lots of friendship and companionship, but little passion.

Moderate passion and lots of intimacy and companionship

Lots of passion and intimacy, but little commitment.

Lots of intimacy and commitment, but little passion

Lots of friendship and companionship, but little passion.

Moderate passion and lots of intimacy and companionship

Lots of passion and intimacy, but little commitment.

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