Cambridge C1 Advanced
CAE Cambridge Class C1 - Advanced
CAE Cambridge Class C1 - Advanced
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Cartes-fiches
Tenses
Uses of present simple
Tenses
- To refer to habit or routine actions // Do this every week end // Steven goes to cinema most weekends
- To show that something is always true or a fact // This House is red // Two and two make four
- To refer to repeated events // Rainstorms often occure in ireland
- To show that situations ist regarded as permanent // She works for a small TV production (it's a permanent job)
Tenses
Present continuous:
- how is it built?
- what are uses of it?
Tenses
Presenet contiuous is built with: to be + ing
- To decribe an action that is happening now // I am studying english
- For a temporary situation // I am staying in a Hotel until I find a Flat
- For changes or develeping in situations // the Weather is getting worse. The Population is increasing
- Plan or Arrangement in the Future // I am seeing my friends next weekend. // Pete is flying to Rome next weekend
- Is used with always or forever to express irritation // The editor is always/forever making me rewrite the articles i submit
The present continuous is normaly used with activ verbs - wich describe a state, such as existing or feeling
- The head of the TV channel believes (not: isn't believieng) this programme is too controversial to be proadcast.
Tenses
Present perfect:
- is built?
- is used?
Tenses
Present perfect ist built with: Have + past simple
- To show that an event/action hat started in the past has continued until present (action is completed) // I have written a Book (it is finished)
- To refer to something that happend at an unspecified Time // I have read that book bevor (some when)
- To refer to the present result of past action or event // I can't phone for an ambulance - I've lost my mobile
- To focus in the number of times an action has been repeated // I`ve read this article ten times
Tenses
Present perfect continuous
- is built?
- uses?
Tenses
present perfect continuous ist built with: have + been + ing
Past action still happening now // I have been writing a Book (not finished yet).
Tenses
Past simple
- is built?
- uses?
past simple is built with: for regular verbs +ed; irregular verbs + to be -> separet learning card!
- Finished Action in past or habits
- An action that happend at a definite time in the past // Last year we bought an dog
- Actions that happend immediately one after the other in the past // Lou took a shower, brushed his teeth an went to bed.
Tenses
past continuous
- is built?
- is used?
Tenses
past continuous is built with: was + ing
- A past Action in Progress
- An action that was in progress at a stated time in the past // Yesterday at 4 I was talking to Meg on the phone
- Two actions that were happening at the same time // Liz was vacuuming while her sons were tidying their room
- An (longer) action that was in progress when another action interrupted it // Sue was reading, when I came in
Tenses
past perfect
- is built?
- is used?
Tenses
past perfect is built with: had + past simple
- An action that happend before another action in the past // Bevor we left, we had booked a hotel room
- Complete past action that had visible results in the past // We felt relieved after they had arrived safely
Tenses
past perfect continuous
- is built?
- is use?
Tenses
past perfect continuous is built with: had + been + ing
(the closest past to the next past)
- Action is continuouing until the next action happend // I hade been waiting for 30 Minutes when a man came and spoke to me
- An action continuing over a period up to a specific time in the past // Pete had been working as a doctor for 25 years bevor he retired last year
- Action of certain duration that had visible results in the past // Mark had been studying Spanish for five years bevor he moved to Toledo
Tenses
future simple
- is built?
- is used?
Tenses
future simple is built with: will / won't + infinitive (base verb)
- Predictions // People will live longer in the future
- sponatneous decisions // I'm bored, I think I'll go for a walk
- promises // I will love you forever / I promise I won't tell anyone
- Offers // I'll bake a cake for you! I'll collect you from the party
- Futur predictions based on beliefs // You'll love New York. I'm sure you'll pass
- Futur facts // It rained so much, Sea level will rise.
- Requests // Will you empty the dishwasher for me?
- Threats // If you keep takling, I will send you to the Principles office!!
Tenses
future: going to
- is built?
- is used?
Tenses
going to is built with: going to + infinitive
- Future plans // I'm going to see my uncle on Friday
- Predictions based on evidence // Oh look at the clouds, it's going to rain!
Tenses
future continuous
- is built?
- is used?
Tenses
future continuous is built with: will be + ing
- To talk about things in progress at a particular time in futur // I will be living in Italy next year
- An action that is temporary // I'll be living in an AirBnB until I find an Apartement
- Polite enquiries // Will you be joining us for dinner tonight?
- Guesses about future events // I guess, he'll be coming to the party later
- An action in the future that will be interrupted by a shorter action in the futur // I will be preparing supper when my husband comes back
- An action that will be in progress at a stated future time // This time next month we will be sunbathing in Greece
Tenses
future perfect
- is built?
- is used?
Tenses
future perfect is built with: will + have + past simple
- An action that will be finished before a certain future time // The Browns will have changed their car by Easter
Tenses
future perfect continuos
- is built?
- is used?
- exceptions?
Tenses
Future perfect continuous is built with: will + have + been + the verb’s present participle (verb root + -ing)
(future perfect progressive)
- The future perfect continuous is a verb tense that describes actions that will continue up until a point in the future
- Projecting ourselves forward in time and looking back at the duration of that activity. The activity will have begun sometime in the past, present, or in the future, and is expected to continue in the future // In November, I will have been working at my company for three years. // At five o’clock, I will have been waiting for thirty minutes. // When I turn thirty, will have been playing piano for twenty-one years.
Remember that nonaction verbs like: to be, to seem, or to know are not suited to the future perfect continuous tense. Instead, these verbs take the future perfect tense, which is formed with will + have + past participle.
- Incorrect: On Thursday, I will have been knowing you for a week.
- Correct: On Thursday, I will have known you for a week.
- Incorrect: I will have been reading forty-five books by Christmas.
- Correct: I will have read forty-five books by Christmas.
OIL SPILL
Ölpest
ALARMED
FEELING SCARED/ DANGER
APPALLED
SURPRISE AT HOW BAD SOMETHING IS DISGUSTED
entsetzt
DISTRESSED
EXTREME ANXIETY OR PAIN. EXTREME EMOTIONAL DISTRESS AFTER THE DEATH OF HIS FRIEND
verzweifelt
DISGUSTED
angewiedert
HYSTERICAL
UNCONTROLABLE EMOTION
IRRITATED
ANNOYED
genervt, gereizt, irritiert
OVERWHELMED
STRONG EMOTION
überwältigt, überfordert
SENSIBLE
REASONABLE/ PRACTICAL/ MAKES GOOD DECISIONS
sinnvoll, vernünftig, sensibel
SHE WAS WEARING A SENSIBLE JACKET. SHE WAS SENSIBLE ENOUGH TO GO TO BED EARLY BEFORE THE BIG EXAM
SENSITIVE
TO HAVE YOUR FEELINGS HURT EASILY
TO SHOWING AWARENESS FOR OTHERS FEELINGS
TO FEEL/ REACT TO THINGS MORE THAN OTHERS
Examples
- ONE OF HER STUDENTS WAS BEING BULLIED AND SHE DEALT WITH THE SITUATION VERY SENSETIVELY
- MY EYES ARE VERY SENSITIVE TO THE SUN, I ALWAYS WEAR SUNGLASSES
- SHES VERY SENSITIVE ABOUT HER WEIGHT
empfindlich, sensibel
MY EYES ARE VERY SENSITIVE TO THE SUN, I ALWAYS WEAR SUNGLASSES
BROUGHT UP
RAISED
aufgewachsen, erzogen
SHE WAS BROUGHT UP BY A SINGLE MOTHER/ SHE WAS BROUGHT UP IN NEW YORK
GREW UP
AREA THEY WERE
aufgewachsen
SHE GREW UP IN NEW YORK
IMPLY
TO HINT WHAT YOU MEAN BUT NOT SAY IT DIRECTLY
implizieren, bedeuten, beinhalten
HE DIDNT SAY IT, BUT HE DID IMPLY THAT HE WAS COMING HOME NEXT MONTH
INFER
TO COME TO A CONCLUSION BASED ON WHAT SOMEONE IMPLIED
ableiten, daraus schliessen, entnehmen / infers = leitet
WE INFERRED HED BE BACK NEXT MONTH BECAUSE HE KEPT SAYING HE WOULD SEE US SOON.
RISE
SOMETHING GOING UP/ INCREASING (INTRANSITIVE) A VERB THAT DOES NOT TAKE A DIRECT OBJECT EG WALK, RUN, SNEEZE
steigen, aufsteigen
SUN RISES. RENT PRICES ARE RISING
RAISE
SOMETHING YOU MOVE TO A HIGER POSOTION (TRANSITIVE)
erhöhen, heben, erheben,
SHE RAISED HER EYEBROWS
ATTEND
I HAD TO ATTEND AN INTERVIEW BEVOR THE COMPANY OFFERT ME A JOB.
besuchen, teilnehmen, beiwohnen
I HAD TO ATTEND AN INTERVIEW BEVOR THE COMPANY OFFERT ME A JOB.
ECONOMIC
RELATED TO TRADE/ MONEY
wirtschaftlich, ökonomisch
THE ECONOMIC FORECAST FOR THE NECT COUPLE OF YEARS IS NOT LOOKING GOOD.
ECONOMICAL
DESCRIBES SOMETHING THAT SAVES MONEY
sparsam, wirtschafltich
INSTEAD OF BUYING YOUR COFFEE IN A CAFE EVERY DAY ITS MORE ECONOMICAL TO MAKE ONE AT HOME.
LIE
LIED = PAST TENSE OF TO LIE - TO SAY SOMETHING UNTRUE
LAY = PAST TENSE OF LIE - TO RECLINE
apprenticeship
Eduction, Development, Formation
Ausbildung, Lehre, Ausbildungsplatz, Lehrzeit, Lehrstelle
The transition from school to apprenticeship comes with many changes for the young trainees.
concept
idea,
This concept of a universal energy is well known in many cultures. // Diese Vorstellung einer universellen Energie ist in vielen Kulturen bekannt.
Each scholarship holder commits to concept and implement a workshop. // Jede Stipendiatin/ jeder Stipendiat verpflichtet sich zur Konzeption und Durchführung eines Workshops.
Vorstellung, Idee, Konzept, Begriff
addendum
An addendum to the convention would therefore be required. // Ein Nachtrag zum Abkommen wäre deshalb erforderlich.
Nachtrag, Anhang
city break
For a city break this apartment is recommended. // Für einen Städteurlaub ist diese Wohnung zu empfehlen.
Städtereise
gap year
To become fluent in English, spend a gap year in Ireland. // Um fliessend englisch zu sprechen verbring ein Auslandsjahr in Irland.
Auslandsjahr, Zwischenjahr,
existential
After all, her appreciation of life is existential. // Denn ihre Wertschätzung des Lebens ist existentiell.
whilst
Relax whilst you enjoy some enchanting views. // Entspannen Sie sich, während Sie die bezaubernde Aussicht genießen.
während