Destination alternate airport(IFR)

If at ETA -1/+1h weather is below PLANNING minima, two alternate airports are required.

Visibility 1,5km, ceiling 1000ft

If at ETA -1/+1h weather is below PLANNING minima, two alternate airports are required.

If at ETA -1/+1h weather is below OPERATING minima, two alternate airports are required.

TÄMÄ KYSYMYS PUUTTEELLINEN. LISÄTIETOJA KAIVATAAN.

Take-off visibility minima(IFR)

800m if no take-off alternate & 400m if centerline/edge lights & 500 with take-off alternate

Initiating approach at 1200ft AGL while the weather is below operating minima.(IFR)

This kind of action is forbidden.

You can continue until minimums.

This kind of action is forbidden.

Initiating approach at 900ft AGL while the weather is below operating minima.(IFR)

You can continue until minimums.

This kind of action is forbidden.

Initiating approach RVR CAT1(ILS)

800m without autopilot. & 600m with autopilot but without centerline lights. & 550m with centerline lights and autopilot.

600m with autopilot but without centerline lights.

550m with centerline lights and autopilot.

700m with autopilot but without centerline lights.

200m with centerline lights and autopilot.

Initiating approach RVR RNP

800m without autopilot. & 600m with autopilot and centerline lights but without head up display. & 550m with autopilot, centerline lights and autopilot.

600m with autopilot and centerline lights but without head up display.

550m with autopilot, centerline lights and autopilot.

400m with autopilot, centerline lights and autopilot.

Initiating approach RVR NPA(2D)

800m with Continuous Descent Final Approach & 1000m without Continuous Descent Final Approach

800m with Continuous Descent Final Approach

1000m without Continuous Descent Final Approach

800m without Continuous Descent Final Approach

1000m with Continuous Descent Final Approach

Initiating approach RVR Visual

1000m if you are handsome Patria pilot

What defines „icing conditions“?

Visually detected ice & Visible moisture and OAT +5°C or below

Visible moisture and OAT +5°C or below

Visible moisture and OAT +10°C or below

How to detect possible freezing rain or freezing drizzle conditions?

Visible rain in OAT below +5°C & Droplets that splash on impact in OAT below +5°C & Performance loss larger than normally experienced in icing conditions

Visible rain in OAT below +5°C

Droplets that splash on impact in OAT below +5°C

Performance loss larger than normally experienced in icing conditions

How to detect freezing rain or freezing drizzle ?

Unusually extensive ice where normally not observed & Ice on upper surface of wing aft of protected area & Ice on spinner further back than normally observed and on side window areas

Unusually extensive ice where normally not observed

Ice on upper surface of wing aft of protected area

Ice on spinner further back than normally observed and on side window areas

2 engines: 1 hour flight time with OEI & 3 – 4 engines: 2 hours flight time with OEI

2 engines: 1 hour flight time with OEI

3 – 4 engines: 2 hours flight time with OEI

Avoiding thunder storms

Avoid by 10 nm when below 20,000 ft & Avoid by 20 nm when above 20,000 ft & Overfly by at least 5000ft

Avoid by 10 nm when below 20,000 ft

Avoid by 20 nm when above 20,000 ft

Avoid by 10 nm when above 20,000 ft

Avoid by 20 nm when below 20,000 ft

Take-Off Regulatory Factors(Class B)

TORR = TODR(GROSS) x 1.25(no stopway/clearway) & TORR = TODR(GROSS) x 1(with stopway/clearway) & ASDR = TODR(GROSS) x 1.3(with stopway/clearway) & TODR = TODR(GROSS) x 1.15(with stopway/clearway) & FLLTOM calculated using the shortest of these distances

TORR = TODR(GROSS) x 1.25(no stopway/clearway)

TORR = TODR(GROSS) x 1(with stopway/clearway)

ASDR = TODR(GROSS) x 1.3(with stopway/clearway)

TODR = TODR(GROSS) x 1.15(with stopway/clearway)

FLLTOM calculated using the shortest of these distances

(FDP) flight duty period

Basic maximum can be extended by max 1 hour. Max. 2 extensions in 7 consecutive days & Unforeseen circumstances by 3 hours & 60 hours in 7 days / 110 hours in 14 days / 190 hours in 28 days & 100 hours in 28 days / 900 hours in a calendar year / 1000 hours in 12 months(flight time) & Night duty: 0200 – 0459 in time zone crew is acclimatized

Basic maximum can be extended by max 1 hour. Max. 2 extensions in 7 consecutive days

Unforeseen circumstances by 3 hours

60 hours in 7 days / 110 hours in 14 days / 190 hours in 28 days

100 hours in 28 days / 900 hours in a calendar year / 1000 hours in 12 months(flight time)

Night duty: 0200 – 0459 in time zone crew is acclimatized

card2brain.ch

Approach criteria (Precision or NPA)

NON-PRECISION: Threshold RVR >750m

MINIMUM Visual approach minima RVR = 800m

NON-PRECISION: Threshold RVR >750m

MINIMUM Visual approach minima RVR = 800m

1Nm =

6080ft

3280ft

5280ft

1.852km

6080ft

3280ft

5280ft

1.852km

1 Km =

6080ft

3280ft

5280ft

6080ft

3280ft

5280ft

1 Ft =

0.30m

3.28m

32.8m

0.30m

3.28m

32.8m

Flight Planning(Jet Engine): Final Reserve Fuel

45min

120min

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above alternate aerodrome

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above destination aerodrome when no alternate required(Therefore additional fuel + final reserve = 15 min additional + 30 min reserve fuel = 45 mins)

45min

120min

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above alternate aerodrome

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above destination aerodrome when no alternate required(Therefore additional fuel + final reserve = 15 min additional + 30 min reserve fuel = 45 mins)

Final Reserve Fuel (Jet engine)

45min

120min

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above alternate aerodrome

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above destination aerodrome when no alternate required(Therefore additional fuel + final reserve = 15 min additional + 30 min reserve fuel = 45 mins)

45min

120min

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above alternate aerodrome

30min HOLDING fuel flow at 1500ft above destination aerodrome when no alternate required(Therefore additional fuel + final reserve = 15 min additional + 30 min reserve fuel = 45 mins)

Planning minima for destination alternate aerodrome(s): Type A (M)DA/H >= 250 ft or Circling

DA/H or MDA/H + 400ft

RVR/VIS + 1500 m

RVR/VIS + 800 m

DA/H + 200ft

DA/H or MDA/H + 400ft

RVR/VIS + 1500 m

RVR/VIS + 800 m

DA/H + 200ft

Planning minima for destination aerodrome(-1h/+1h weather conditions above applicable minima)

RVR / visibility (VIS) at or above the applicable operating minima

For an NPA or a circling operation, th ceiling at or above MDH

RVR/VIS + 800 m

DA/H + 200ft

RVR / visibility (VIS) at or above the applicable operating minima

For an NPA or a circling operation, th ceiling at or above MDH

RVR/VIS + 800 m

DA/H + 200ft

Obstacle clearance (Class B)

Minimum 50ft clearance

AEO Climb Gradient is factored by 0.77

Above a cloud base, use OEI CG

Minimum 50ft clearance

AEO Climb Gradient is factored by 0.77

Above a cloud base, use OEI CG

AEO Climb Gradient Requirements(Class B)

4% at Screen Height

Measurably Positive at 400ft

0.75% at 1500ft

4% at Screen Height

Measurably Positive at 400ft

0.75% at 1500ft

OEI Climb Gradient Requirements(Class B)

Measurably Positive at 400ft

0.75% at 1500ft

4% at Screen Height

Measurably Positive at 400ft

0.75% at 1500ft

4% at Screen Height

Landing regulatory factors(Class B)

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.43

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.67

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.3

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.23

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.43

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.67

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.3

LDR = LDR(GROSS) x1.23

Landing speed requirements (Class B)

VREF ≤ 1.3 VS0

VREF ≤ 1.23 VS0

VREF ≤ 1.3 VS1

VREF ≤ 1.23 VS0

VREF ≤ 1.3 VS0

VREF ≤ 1.23 VS0

VREF ≤ 1.3 VS1

VREF ≤ 1.23 VS0

Vref – Speed at 50ft (Screen Height)

1.3 VS0 (Class B)

1.23 VSR0 (Class A)

1.23 VSR0 (Class B)

1.3 VS0 (Class A)

1.3 VS0 (Class B)

1.23 VSR0 (Class A)

1.23 VSR0 (Class B)

1.3 VS0 (Class A)

Aircrew

Rest period: 10hours(away)/12hours(home)

1 cabin crew member for 50 passengers

At least 1 cabin crew required for planes >19 seats & when carrying one or more passengers

Rest period: 12hours(away)/10hours(home)

Rest period: 10hours(away)/12hours(home)

1 cabin crew member for 50 passengers

At least 1 cabin crew required for planes >19 seats & when carrying one or more passengers

Rest period: 12hours(away)/10hours(home)

Supplemental oxygen for non-pressurized aircraft

Pilots/flight deck crew on duty shall be supplied with oxygen at all times above 10000ft

Cabin crew shall be supplied with oxygen if period exceeding 30 min above 10000 but not exceeding 13000ft, and entire flight above 13000ft

10% of passengers between 10000-13000ft (Some passengers)

100% of passengers above 13000ft (10000-13000ft 30 min rule does not apply here as with cabin crew)

Pilots/flight deck crew on duty shall be supplied with oxygen at all times above 10000ft

Cabin crew shall be supplied with oxygen if period exceeding 30 min above 10000 but not exceeding 13000ft, and entire flight above 13000ft

10% of passengers between 10000-13000ft (Some passengers)

100% of passengers above 13000ft (10000-13000ft 30 min rule does not apply here as with cabin crew)

Supplemental oxygen for pressurized aircraft

Crew (flight crew & cabin crew): 10000-13000ft oxygen is needed if period is exceeding 30 min, above 13000ft is needed immediately

Pilots: Up to 25000 ft for 30 mins, over 25000 ft it should be enough for 2 hours

Above 41000ft: At least 1 crew member must wear oxygen

10% of the passengers between 10000-14000ft after the first 30 min

Crew (flight crew & cabin crew): 10000-13000ft oxygen is needed if period is exceeding 30 min, above 13000ft is needed immediately

Pilots: Up to 25000 ft for 30 mins, over 25000 ft it should be enough for 2 hours

Above 41000ft: At least 1 crew member must wear oxygen

10% of the passengers between 10000-14000ft after the first 30 min

Restricted Area

A prior permission for flights within permanent restricted areas shall be obtained from the Defence Forces

The Finnish Transport and Communications Agency may, for special reasons, grant permission for flying in the restricted area

Aircraft may fly into activated area at the discretion of the pilot-in-command, but the pilot must be aware of the risks associated with such operations

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

A prior permission for flights within permanent restricted areas shall be obtained from the Defence Forces

The Finnish Transport and Communications Agency may, for special reasons, grant permission for flying in the restricted area

Aircraft may fly into activated area at the discretion of the pilot-in-command, but the pilot must be aware of the risks associated with such operations

Application for flight into ______ area at least 7 days prior to the intended flight

Restricted area

Danger area

Prohibited area

Buffer zone

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

Restricted area

Danger area

Prohibited area

Buffer zone

Radio failure in traffic circuit

Rock wings

Gear down/Gear up

Flash lights

Barrell roll

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

Rock wings

Gear down/Gear up

Flash lights

Barrell roll

Radio failure(VFR)

7600

TRANSMIT TWICE

Joind downwind after which 360 towards airfield

7700

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

7600

TRANSMIT TWICE

Joind downwind after which 360 towards airfield

7700

Radio failure(IFR)(VMC)

Land at nearest airfield

Land at destination airfield

Hold speed and level for 7min if NO RADAR is available

Hold speed and level for 20min if ATS is available

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

Land at nearest airfield

Land at destination airfield

Hold speed and level for 7min if NO RADAR is available

Hold speed and level for 20min if ATS is available

Radio failure(IFR)(IMC)

Hold SPEED and LEVEL for 20min if no radar is available then as flight plan

Hold SPEED and HEADING for 7min if no radar is available then as flight plan

Hold SPEED and LEVEL for 7min if ATS is available then as flight plan

Hold SPEED and HEADING for 20min if ATS is available then as flight plan

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

Hold SPEED and LEVEL for 20min if no radar is available then as flight plan

Hold SPEED and HEADING for 7min if no radar is available then as flight plan

Hold SPEED and LEVEL for 7min if ATS is available then as flight plan

Hold SPEED and HEADING for 20min if ATS is available then as flight plan

Weather minima(VMC) A B C D E F G 3000ft-FL100

Visibility 5km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 8km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 5km Distance from cloud 1500ft Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 8km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000m

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

Visibility 5km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 8km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 5km Distance from cloud 1500ft Height from cloud 1000ft

Visibility 8km Distance from cloud 1500m Height from cloud 1000m

Weather minima(VMC) F G <3000ft

Visibility 5km IAS max 140KTS clear of cloud obstacle in sight

Visibility 8km IAS max 140KTS clear of cloud obstacle in sight

Visibility 5km clear of cloud obstacle in sight

Visibility 8km clear of cloud obstacle in sight

Visibility 5km IAS max 140KTS clear of cloud obstacle in sight

Visibility 8km IAS max 140KTS clear of cloud obstacle in sight

Visibility 5km clear of cloud obstacle in sight

Visibility 8km clear of cloud obstacle in sight

VFR altitude minima sparsely populated area

500ft AGL(day/night)

1000ft AGL(day/night)

500ft AGL(day) 1000ft(night)

1000ft AGL(day) 500ft(night)

500ft AGL(day/night)

1000ft AGL(day/night)

500ft AGL(day) 1000ft(night)

1000ft AGL(day) 500ft(night)

VFR altitude minima densely populated area

500ft above ground level in 600m circle

1000ft above ground level in 300m circle

500ft above ground level in 1000ft circle

1000ft above highest obstacle in 600m circle

500ft above ground level in 600m circle

1000ft above ground level in 300m circle

500ft above ground level in 1000ft circle

1000ft above highest obstacle in 600m circle

Weather minima(VFR)(CTR/TMA)

Visibility 5km ceiling 1500ft

Visibility 1,5km ceiling 1500ft

Visibility 5km and clear of cloud

Visibility 1,5km and clear of cloud

Visibility 5km ceiling 1500ft

Visibility 1,5km ceiling 1500ft

Visibility 5km and clear of cloud

Visibility 1,5km and clear of cloud

Weather minima(Special VFR)(CTR/TMA)

Visibility 1,5km(day/night), clear of cloud, above minimum altitude

Visibility 1,5km(day) 3km(night), clear of cloud, above minimum altitude

Visibility 3km(day) 1,5km(night), clear of cloud, above minimum altitude

OISPA KALJAA

Visibility 1,5km(day/night), clear of cloud, above minimum altitude

Visibility 1,5km(day) 3km(night), clear of cloud, above minimum altitude

Visibility 3km(day) 1,5km(night), clear of cloud, above minimum altitude

OISPA KALJAA

Weather minima(VMC) Night

Visibility 8km, clouds above 2000ft AGL

Visibility 5km, clouds above 2000ft AGL

Visibility 8km, clear of cloud

Visibility 5km, clear of cloud

Visibility 8km, clouds above 2000ft AGL

Visibility 5km, clouds above 2000ft AGL

Visibility 8km, clear of cloud

Visibility 5km, clear of cloud

VFR cruise flying heading +5000ft MSL EAST

FL55

FL50

FL65

FL60

FL55

FL50

FL65

FL60

VFR cruise flying heading +5000ft MSL WEST

FL65

FL60

FL75

FL70

FL65

FL60

FL75

FL70

IFR cruise flying heading +5000ft MSL EAST

FL70

FL75

FL80

FL105

FL70

FL75

FL80

FL105

Flying and planning IFR/VFR

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