04_P & B - Chapter 05
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Kartei Details
Karten | 16 |
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Sprache | English |
Kategorie | Psychologie |
Stufe | Universität |
Erstellt / Aktualisiert | 02.02.2022 / 03.02.2022 |
Lizenzierung | Keine Angabe |
Weblink |
https://card2brain.ch/box/20220202_04p_b_chapter_05
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Einbinden |
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Social Preferences
- What are "Social Preferences"?
This is in part because people consider the wellbeing of others in their decision making
–> People have social preferences (also called otherregarding preferences)
Social Preferences
- Altruism: What is "Altruism"?
It is an important element of human behavior in society and economics
-> e.g. Volunteering, charities and donation behavior
Social Preferences
- Fairness: What is meant by "Fairness" in this context?
Fairness is a fundamental cornerstone of political und moral attitudes and thinking styles
Social Preferences
- Fairness: What is meant by the "Moral Foundations Theory"?
One important theory in moral and political psychology, which postulates six basic foundations:
- Care/Harm
- Fairness/Cheating
- Loyalty/Betrayal
- Liberty/Oppression
- Authority/Subversion
- Sanctity/Degradation
Understanding them helps in understanding political and moral discussions and arguments
Social Preferences
- Why should psychologists concern themselves with altruism, fairness, trust, and reciprocity?
Fairness plays an important role in the workplace; high fairness expectations
-> Lack of fairness leads to negative reactions from employees
Trust and reciprocity
are the basis of the contract between the employee and the organization;
In addition to the work contract there is a psychological contract that includes implicit expectations from both parties; the trust that both parties adhere to this implicit contract
is the basis of work contracts
Social Preferences
- Altruism: What can be the benefit of altruism/selflessness?
Altruistic behavior has usually no immediate benefit but may bring a benefit long-term for the person that is bigger than the initial cost
Social Preferences
- Altruism: What role can the "Rational model in Economics" plays in altruism?
Altruism from an economics viewpoint: A person may also derive utility from the wellbeing of others; fostering their wellbeing may thus also be rational (rational behavior / utility maximizing)
-> e.g. tax reduction
Social Preferences
- Altruism: What are reasons for altruism?
- Moral/social norms:
Based on the duties and expectations in a society
- Rationality:
Good for the common welfare; secures social peace; resources bring sometimes other people greater benefit than oneself
- Self-actualization:
Frequent motivation for voluntary work and donations
- Sympathy/Affection:
Altruism with reference to certain purposes / groups of people, i.e. philanthropy
Reason for altruistic behavior is not always clear-cut, i.e. it can be a mix of different reasons