Lernkarten
Timeline - Evolution of Transportatio
- freight
- intercity travel
- urban travel
freight:
- steamboat (1800)
- The Canal Era (1820)
- Iron Horse (~1830)
- The Transcontinental Railroad (1860)
intercity:
- first railline (CH: 1847)
- Car (late 1800)
- Electric Railroad (Tram)
Urban Travel
- Bycicle
- Car
- "red car" LA (for public transport)
- Trams
Transportation in Cities
- late 1800 - 1950
- Consequences of carownership on City structure
- Inventions: Bicycle, Tram, motorised Car
- early 1900: growth in car ownership
- spread of highway & reduction of pt services
Consequences:
- Division of places due to highway expansion
- wider streets
- infrastructural density
Transportation Today:
- America
- Switzerland
America:
- main travel modes: automobile & airplane
-> urban sprawl - bad railway system (nicht gut ausgebaut)
Switzerland:
- automobile and railway are both important for longer distance travel
- non-motorized travel & public transit prominent within most cities
Difference between Transportation Infrastructure & Policy
- Definition: Transportation Infrastructure
- Definition: Transportation Policy
=> Transportation is not just physical system (Infrastructure) but also policies
Definition: Transportation Infrastructure: vehicles, road,travel way, toll, ...
Definition: Transportation Policy: determine how transportation is planned, designed, built, managed, priced & funded
- governance (who builds, who owns, who maintains)
- taxes
- land-use zoning
- design regulation
- approach to planning
Definition of Transportation
- brings goods to market
- focus accessability not movement/mobility
- Transportation = Infrastructure + Policy
=> not just physical system (Infrastructure) but also policies
Intercity Travel
- Modes
- factors on how the modes differ
- Factors for more train usage in Europe
Modes: Car, Rail, Bus, Air Waterborne
Factors:
- Costs (infrastructural & user)
- Travel Time
- Comfort
- Environmental factor
Train usage in Europe
- faster & better public transit
- more compact & walkable cities
- fewer & more expensive parking
- high fuel taxes
- goverment suppoert for rail -> reliability
- better marketing for pt
- integration of diferent modes (zb train connecting to airport)
Principle: Marchetti Constant The '30-minute' commute
Most people are willing to commute to work, when it's within 30-min
=> Faster travel has not led to a reduction in travel time
Modes of urban Transportation
- Walking, biking (non-motorized)
- Motorized Roadway modes
- Car, Taxi
- Bus (Bus Rapid Transit)
- Micro Modes (E-Bike, Scooters)
- Fixed Guideway Modes: Train, Trams
- Others: Water based, Gondel
