Kurdish Sorani, Grammar

Learn kurdish sorani grammer.

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that (demonstrative pronoun)

ئەوە

ئەوانە

those

5. Attributive Adjectives: The Open Adjectival Izâfa. The attributive adjective following a noun that is (1) absolute singular, (2) indefinite singular, or (3) indefinite plural is linked to the noun by the unstressed vowel i (called the izâfa vowel). The izâfa is written as ی added directly to words that end in joining letters or an alone ی after non-joining letters.

good hotel --> hotel i bash

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good hotel

هۆتێلی باش

hotel i bâsh

هۆتێلێکی باش

a good hotel

(some) good hotels

هۆتێلانی باش

hotelân i bâsh

نامەی درێژ

long letter

a long letter

نامەیەکی درێژ

nâmayèk i drezh

نامانی درێژ

(some) long letters

6. Possession: The Izâfa Construction. The same izâfa vowel i links the two parts of a possessive construction and is equivalent to the English ‘of.’

Got it?

the students of a school

کتاویەکانی قوتابخانەیەک

ktâwîakân i qutâbkhânayèk

دێەکەی ئەو پیاوە

that man's village

the houses of the men of the village

ماڵەکانی پیاوەکانی دێەکە

mâłakân i pyâwakân i deaká

دەرگاکەی چایخانەکە

the door of the teahouse

the lessons of this book

دەرسەکانی ئەم کتاوە

darsakân i am ktâwá

1. The Absolute State of the Noun. A Kurdish noun in the absolute state, i.e. without any ending of any kind, gives a generic sense of the noun. It is also the “lexical” form of the noun, i.e. the form in which a noun is given in a vocabulary list or dictionary. The absolute state is normally used for the generic sense, as in قاوه رهشه qâwa rash a ‘coffee is black’.

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

got it?

2. The Indefinite State. The sign of the indefinite singular (‘a, any, some’) is an unstressed enclitic -(y)èk (i.e. ێک -èk after consonants and یهک -yèk after vowels) added to the end of the absolute singular noun. For example:

pyâw ‘man' --> pyâwèk 'a man'

Among the modifiers that demand that a following noun be indefinite are chand ‘a few', hamû ‘every', chi ‘what?', and har ‘each.'

chand pyâwèk 'a few men'

The construction ...i zor ‘many, a lot of’ also takes a preceding indefinite singular noun:

kurdèk i zor 'a lot of Kurds '

The indefinite plural is formed by adding -ân to the absolute singular. If the absolute singular ends in -â, the indefinite plural ending is -yân. Nouns with absolute singulars ending in -a, like nâma 'letter', form the indefinite plural by dropping the final -a and adding -ân.

pyâw --> pyâwân '(some) men'

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

got it?

3. The Definite State. Singular nouns are made definite (‘the’) by adding the suffix -(a)ká (i.e. -aká after consonants, u, e, and î, and -ká after the vowels a, â, and o).

pyâw 'man' --> pyâwaká 'the man'

The definite plural is made by adding (a)kân to the singular, i.e. by changing the -(a)ká of the definite singular to -(a)kân.

pyâwaká 'the man' --> pyâwakân 'the men'

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,

= scrollen

got it?

coffee

Tastatur-Befehle:

= drehen,

= vor-/rückwärts,